Subcamp of the Dachau concentration camp
The 169 satellite camps of the Dachau concentration camp made the Dachau concentration camp the most widely branched and largest concentration camp complex of the Nazi regime.
term
In the linguistic jargon of the time, the term "external command" was used to describe those work assignments in which prisoners were housed outside the Dachau camp. There were also concentration camp commands that were sent back to the Dachau camp in the evening to spend the night there.
As a satellite camp or subcamp mostly those satellite camps were considered that a SS for -Lagerführer and function inmates. B. block elders or camp elders had. Some of these satellite camps were also referred to as labor camps in later Nazi documents .
In today's parlance, historians mostly use the term concentration camp satellite camps .
to form
Initially, the satellite camps were separated according to gender: male prisoners were held in 169 camps and female prisoners in 24 camps.
They also differed greatly in size and type. For example, the most distant location of an external unit was in Woxfelde (Brandenburg, now Głuchowo in Poland) and was intended for a single prisoner. Other external commands were so large that they had sub-commands or even - see Mauthausen concentration camp - ultimately became independent concentration camps. Some external commands were only set up for a few weeks, but most of the larger camps were not disbanded until April 1945 when the Dachau concentration camp was liberated .
In small external detachments, prisoners tended to have better chances of survival because, for example, as a result of the constant closer contact, brutal attacks by SS personnel were reduced. In the large sub-camps, the working, hygiene and food conditions were mostly difficult. The SS occasionally used this fact to manipulate prisoners with the prospect of a "better work detachment".
30,000 prisoners worked in the Kaufering subcamp complex. When the Allied troops advanced south in 1945, these camps, including Schwabmünchen / Kaufering IV , were evacuated and the prisoners were transported to other locations on trains or death marches .
Forced labor
The forced labor in the concentration camp satellite camps initially ranged from construction work, such as gravel pits, quarries and road construction (usually for the SS-owned Consolidated German Earth and Stone Works ) or the infrastructure of the Organization Todt , to agricultural work such as cultivation of moors. Handicraft work was also done, mostly in SS handicraft businesses. From 1942, satellite camps were set up in order to build huge underground complexes as part of the so-called U-relocation , with the aim of continuing the armaments production underground in order to protect them from air raids. Upon request, concentration camp prisoners were also used as workers and a. loaned to BMW , Messerschmitt AG , Reichsbahn , Luftschiffbau Zeppelin , Dyckerhoff & Widmann , Agfa and various government agencies. About 37,000 prisoners were working in the subcamps at that time, the majority of them consisted of Eastern European prisoners of war who were treated very badly as " Eastern workers ".
list
Dachau external commandos (today's area of the FRG)
| place | at | Type | time | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Augsburg, district of Kriegshaber, Ulmer Strasse | Michel works | until April 30, 1945 | Women's camp, 500 Jewish women | |
| augsburg | Lord Mayor | |||
| augsburg | Reichsbahnbetriebsamt | |||
| Augsburg-Oberhausen | Keller and Knappich / KUKA | Industry (welding tools) | ||
| Augsburg-Haunstetten | Messerschmitt works | Armaments factory (aircraft), 2700 concentration camp prisoners | ||
| Augsburg-Horgau | Horgau subcamp (Messerschmittwerke) | Command from Augsburg / Pfersee, 235 prisoners were murdered or died, (see also :) | ||
| Augsburg-Pfersee | Air intelligence barracks (after 1945 Sheridan barracks ) for Messerschmitt AG | (around April 1944 - April 1945) | ||
| Augsburg - Gersthofen district | Gersthofen-Gablingen airfield , Messerschmitt AG | |||
| District of Gmunden - Bad Ischl | June 18, 1942 to December 19, 1942 | Sawmill | ||
| District of Gmunden - Bad Ischl | Resettlement camp | February 9, 1942 to December 19, 1942 | ||
| Oberallgäu district, Bad Oberdorf | on the agricultural property of Ilse Hess | March to May 1945 | a prisoner (Friedrich (Fred) Georg Frey) | |
| Bad Tölz - Bichl district | Extension of the railway area | May 1, 1941 to December 31, 1941 | also: Working in the flax factory in the municipality of Bichl | |
| District of Lindau - Biesings near Schlachters | Biesings Concentration Camp External Command | at the "Institute for Defense Scientific Purpose Research" | ||
| Günzburg - Burgau district | Burgau subcamp | |||
| Dachau | Entomological Institute | |||
| Dachau | Pollnhof | |||
| Dachau | Precifix | from November 1, 1942 | Armaments factory, "Präzifix" screw factory (see also: Georg Scherer ( prison inmate ) ) | |
| Dachau | Wülfert | from May 13, 1943 | ||
| District of Dachau - Karlsfeld | ||||
| District of Ebersberg - Steinhöring | Steinhöring concentration camp external command | until April 28, 1945 | Manual work for the Lebensborn , approx. 27 male prisoners | |
| District of Ebersberg - Market Swabia | External command | until April 23, 1945 | approx. 19 prisoners | |
| Freising-Eching district | from April 10, 1945 | |||
| Fresing -Moosburg district | ||||
| Freising - Neufahrn district | ||||
| Pfaffenhofen - Eschelbach near Wolnzach district | at Eschelbach Monastery | about 40 prisoners, | ||
| District of Laufen - Fridolfing | November 23, 1943 - May 30, 1944 | four assistants for an estate with agriculture and a sawmill | ||
| Friedrichshafen on Lake Constance | Friedrichshafen subcamp | Subcamp | at Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH | |
| Altötting - Gendorf district | (for IG colors) | see also Gendorf plant | ||
| Fürstenfeldbruck - Germering district | External command | from October 1943 | under the direction of Wilhelm Wagner (SS member) | |
| Hof-Moschendorf | Hof-Moschendorf subcamp | Repair of weapons | ||
| Ingolstadt | Depot | |||
| Ingolstadt | District Administrator | from January 1, 1945 | ||
| Kaufbeuren | BMW | |||
| Kaufbeuren-Riederloh | Riederloh II subcamp | Subcamp | ||
| Landsberg am Lech - Kaufering district | Subcamp Kaufering I | Subcamp | to the Kaufering camp complex: European Holocaust memorial in Landsberg | |
| Landsberg am Lech district - Kaufering-Igling | Subcamp Kaufering II | |||
| Landsberg am Lech - Kaufering district | Subcamp Kaufering III | |||
| Landsberg am Lech district - Kaufering-Schwabmünchen / Hurlach | Kaufering IV concentration camp command | |||
| Landsberg am Lech -Kaufering-Utting am Ammersee district | Subcamp Kaufering V , | |||
| Landsberg am Lech district - Kaufering-Türkheim | Subcamp Kaufering VI | |||
| Landsberg am Lech district - Kaufering-Erpfting | Subcamp Kaufering VII | |||
| Landsberg am Lech district - Kaufering-Fuchstal, Seestall | Kaufering subcamp VIII | |||
| Landsberg am Lech - Kaufering-Obermeitingen district | Subcamp Kaufering IX | |||
| Landsberg am Lech district - Kaufering-Utting | Subcamp Kaufering X | |||
| Landsberg am Lech district - Kaufering-Stadtwaldhof | Kaufering XI subcamp , Stadtwaldhof , bunker of today's Welfen barracks | |||
| Kempten / Allgäu | Sachse KG | from September 15, 1943 | Cotton spinning and weaving | |
| District Sonthofen - Blaichach | ||||
| District Sonthofen - Oberstdorf / Birgsau, | ||||
| District Sonthofen - Kottern-Weidach, Kempten im Allgäu | Kottern-Weidach subcamp | Subcamp | ||
| District Sonthofen - Kottern, municipality Sankt Mang (Kempten / Allgäu) | October 1, 1943 to April 27, 1945 | |||
| District of Sonthofen - Kottern-Fischen | Fischen concentration camp subcamp | Arms production | ||
| District of Berchtesgaden - Königssee | until September 19, 1944 | |||
| Landshut, at the "small parade ground" | Landshut subcamp | until February 6, 1945 | Armaments, 500 Jewish concentration camp prisoners, Landshut # 20. and 21st century | |
| District of Dillingen - Lauingen | Lauingen subcamp | approx. 3000 prisoners, Messerschmitt aircraft production | ||
| Viechtach - Liebhof district | External command | from June 3, 1943 | Use in agriculture | |
| Memmingen | Messerschmitt AG | |||
| District of Miesbach - Fischbachau | September 12, 1944 to January 21, 1945 | |||
| District of Miesbach - Gmund a. Tegernsee | ||||
| District of Miesbach - Hausham | Hausham subcamp | Subcamp | Construction work, agriculture (also: female prisoners from the Ravensbrück concentration camp ) | |
| District of Miesbach - Spitzingsee | ||||
| District of Miesbach - Sudelfeld | SS-Berghaus Sudelfeld subcamp | Construction work and agriculture | ||
| District of Miesbach - Sudelfeld | Sudelfeld subcamp - Luftwaffe | |||
| District of Miesbach - Valepp | External concentration camp command Valepp Bauer Marx | External command | Agriculture | |
| District of Miesbach - Valepp | Concentration camp external command Valepp Jagdhaus Himmler | Construction work | ||
| District of Miesbach -Wurach near Wöhlhof | ||||
| Mühldorf-Ampfing | Forest camp V and VI | (see external command Mühldorf , Weingut I ) | ||
| Mühldorf-Mettenheim | Arms production, (see external command Mühldorf ) | |||
| Mühldorf-Zangberg | (see external command Mühldorf ) | |||
| Munich-Allach | BMW, Allach subcamp | from February 22, 1943 | ||
| Munich-Allach | Sick camp | female inmates | ||
| Munich-Allach | Construction of the Todt organization | |||
| Munich-Allach | Allach porcelain factory | from June 2, 1941 | Production of decorative porcelain, simple everyday objects, including the Julleuchter | |
| Munich - Feldmoching | ||||
| Munich | Bartolith works | November 12, 1942 to December 18, 1942 | ||
| Munich | Mining School | from January 22, 1945 | ||
| Munich | Bomb Search Squad | External command | Search bombs under rubble, defuse explosive devices | |
| Munich | Chemical works | |||
| Munich | Good of honor | April 7, 1942 to September 11, 1942 | ||
| Munich | Horticultural company utility | from September 1, 1943 | ||
| Munich | Gestapo | |||
| Munich | Höchlstrasse | |||
| Munich | Disaster response | External command | Elimination of air war damage | |
| Munich | Queen Street | |||
| Munich | Lebensborn | from June 15, 1942 | ||
| Munich | Leopoldstrasse | |||
| Munich | Loden-Frey | from June 13, 1944 | Clothing manufacturer | |
| Munich | Crew houses | November 5, 1942 to November 18, 1942 | ||
| Munich | Lord Mayor | |||
| Munich | Party Chancellery of the NSDAP | |||
| Munich | Reichsbahn | |||
| Munich | Reichsführer SS | |||
| Munich | Reichsführer, SS adjutantage | |||
| Munich | Reichsführer, SS main treasury | |||
| Munich | Reich Criminal Police Office | |||
| Munich | Meier shoe store | Clothing (boots for military) | ||
| Munich | Demolition squad | External command | ||
| Munich | SS upper section south, Möhlstrasse | |||
| Munich | SS headquarters headquarters | Construction work (bunker construction) | ||
| Munich | SS headquarters headquarters | Construction work (cable construction) | ||
| Munich | Thomae, major slaughterhouse | August 21, 1942 to November 1, 1942 | ||
| Munich-Freimann | Munich-Freimann repair shop | Railway (operated by the Deutsche Reichsbahn) | ||
| Munich-Freimann | Dykerhoff & Widmann | Construction company | ||
| Munich-Freimann | SS site management | |||
| Munich-Giesing | Agfa camera works | External command | until April 27, 1945 | Manufacture of detonators; 500 women |
| Munich-Oberföhring | Construction management of the Waffen SS | |||
| Munich-Riem | Organization Todt | |||
| Munich-Riem | SS riding and driving school | |||
| Munich-Schwabing | at " Sister Pia " | January 19, 1937 to December 18, 1942 | ||
| Munich-Schleissheim | Bomb clearance command | see. Special airfield in Oberschleißheim | ||
| Munich-Sendling | ||||
| District of Munich - Deisenhofen | at " Sister Pia " | External command | u. a. Construction work | |
| Neuburg / Danube | ||||
| New Ulm | from July 5, 1943 | |||
| Nuremberg | May 12, 1941 to June 16, 1943 | (From June 16, 1943, prisoners from the Flossenbürg concentration camp were deployed) | ||
| Ottobrunn | Aviation Research Institute Munich (LFM) | Establishment of the aviation research institute | ||
| Passau | Oberilzmühle | October 16, 1942 to November 18, 1942 | Construction work on the Oberilzmühle reservoir (from November 18, 1942 to May 2, 1945: prisoners from Mauthausen concentration camp ) | |
| District of Constance - Radolfzell | Radolfzell subcamp near Heinrich Koeppen barracks (location of the Waffen SS) | Construction work, e.g. B. at the shooting range of the Unterführer school, see also: Nazi history of Radolfzell | ||
| Garmisch-Partenkirchen district - Seehausen am Staffelsee | Seehausen concentration camp subcamp, Ing. G. Tipecska VDI precision engineering workshop | from around 1943 until April 25, 1945 | Construction work, work detail for Dr. Jung, see also: and History of Seehausen | |
| District of Rosenheim - Halfing | November 19, 1942 to December 18, 1942 | |||
| District of Rosenheim - Halfing | Brünings-Au concentration camp external command in Brünings-Au , the estate of the Ernst von Brüning family | from 1942 | Construction work, building a children's home (see Lebensborn ) | |
| District of Rosenheim - Stephanskirchen, in the district of Haidholzen | Subcamp | December 4, 1944 to March 31, 1945 | approx. 200 concentration camp prisoners, Stephanskirchen # history | |
| Rosenheim - Thansau district | External command RFSS-Gut Thansau (Adjudantur des Reichsführer-SS) | 1944-1945 | Cleanup | |
| District of Traunstein | ||||
| District of Traunstein - Trostberg | Trostberg subcamp | SKW factory premises (today AlzChem) | Subcamp | October / November 1944 to May 4, 1945 | Occupancy: between 234 and 951 concentration camp prisoners; mainly production of parts for the BMW-801 radial engine |
| Starnberg - Tutzing district | ||||
| Starnberg - Feldafing district | April 6, 1942 to April 23, 1945 | on the grounds of the Reichsschule Feldafing , an elite school of the NSDAP | ||
| Überlingen-Aufkirch | Überlingen-Aufkirch subcamp | Construction work on the Goldbach tunnel | ||
| District of Weilheim - Weilheim | ||||
| Baden-Württemberg: Heidenheim | October 20, 1941 to November 26, 1942 | |||
| Baden-Württemberg: Ellwangen | Reinhardt barracks (former name: "Mühlberg barracks") | July 3, 1941 to October 17, 1942 | Work in barracks for the SS-Kraftrad-Ersatz-Bataillon, see also the story of Ellwangen | |
| Baden-Württemberg: Saulgau | Saulgau subcamp |
Dachau external commandos (today's territory of the Republic of Austria)
| place | at | Type | time | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| State of Upper Austria: Mauthausen near Linz | External command Mauthausen , work for the "Deutsche Erd- und Steinwerke GmbH" ( DEST ) | August 8, 1938 to March 1939 | from March 1939 the satellite camp became an independent concentration camp, see Mauthausen concentration camp | |
| Salzburg | Bomb Search Squad | |||
| Salzburg | Hellbrunner Allee | |||
| Salzburg | Kapitelplatz | |||
| Salzburg | Demolition squad | |||
| Salzburg-Schürich | ||||
| State of Salzburg: Hallein | Hallein subcamp | Subcamp | September 1, 1943 to May 5, 1945 | Work in the quarry / tunnel system, approx. 1,500 to 2,000 prisoners |
| State of Salzburg: Pabenschwandt | Manor in Pabenschwandt | |||
| State of Salzburg: St. Gilgen on Wolfgangsee | Country house of the concentration camp commandant Hans Loritz | External command | in the summer of 1938 | Construction work |
| State of Salzburg: Uttendorf / Weißsee | Predecessor of today's Rudolfshütte at Weißsee at an altitude of around 2300 m | Subcamp | from 1939 - 1945 | As part of the expansion of the Stubachwerk for the German Reichsbahn; Barracks existed from 1943 |
| State of Salzburg: Fischhorn im Pinzgau | Fischhorn Castle | from September 1944 | ||
| Lochau am Bodensee (then: Reichsgau Tirol-Vorarlberg , today Vorarlberg) | Lochau subcamp , formerly the Reiner brewery | April 7 to April 25, 1945 | Official duration as a satellite camp of Dachau: only about two weeks, but already from 1942 forced labor for the "Bayerische Leichtmetallwerke" (BLM) in Lochau | |
| State of Tyrol: Innsbruck | Reichsstraßenbauamt | from October 13, 1942 | ||
| Innsbruck II, Stubai Valley | Neustift subcamp at the SS high mountain school in Neustift | from October 10, 1942 | ||
| innsbruck | SS special camp | |||
| State of Tyrol: St. Johann in Tirol | August 1940 to June 1941 | 20 political prisoners turned a farm into an SS rest home | ||
| State of Tyrol: Oetztal | ||||
| State of Tyrol: Itter Castle | Itter Castle | Special camp for prominent prisoners | ||
| Styria | Monastery of St. Lambrecht Monastery | from May 13, 1942 | u. a. Agriculture |
Dachau external commandos (today's territory of the Republic of Poland)
| place | at | Type | time | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Woxfelde (today Głuchowo, Lebus Voivodeship ) | External command | November 1944 to April 1945 | Work for a Berlin music publisher. (A single prisoner was used) |
literature
- Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel (ed.): The place of terror . History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps. Volume 2: Early camp, Dachau, Emsland camp. CH Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-406-52962-3 (thereafter 152 Dachau branch stores - p. 10).
- Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel (Ed.): Subcamp camp. History and memory. Dachauer Hefte No. 15. Verlag Dachauer Hefte, 1999.
- Stanislav Zámečník : (Ed. Comité International de Dachau ): That was Dachau . Luxemburg, 2002, ISBN 2-87996-948-4 : Chapter: "External commandos and sub-camps", pp. 303-318.
- Stefan Plöchinger [eds.], Jürgen Bauer, Martin Wolf, Birgit Schrötter: Displaced? To forget? Processed? Self-published, Ottobrunn, 3rd edition 2001 (1996 1st edition: Online PDF 86 pages 586 kB ).
- Sabine Schalm: Survival through work? External commandos and satellite camps of the Dachau concentration camp 1933-1945 . Metropol, Berlin, 2009. 368 pages. ISBN 978-3-940938-45-9 (also dissertation at TU Berlin 2008; review by Ulrich Fritz , 2009 at hsozkult).
- Barbara Diestel, Wolfgang Benz: The Dachau Concentration Camp 1933-1945. History and meaning . Ed .: Bavarian State Center for Political Education. Munich 1994 ( external commandos ( memento of March 11, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed on April 17, 2006]).
Movie
- Born in a concentration camp . Documentary: Seven babies survived the Kaufering camp complex
See also
- Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp and its subcamp system in Württemberg, Baden (there also underground relocations until April 1945) and France
Web links
- The subcamps of the Dachau concentration camp on Gedenkstaettenpaedagogik-bayern.de
- List of concentration camps and their external commandos in accordance with Section 42 (2) BEG
- Place of remembrance (website on the history of the Kaufering subcamp complex)
- Munitions factory, Wolfratshausen camp
- The Dachau satellite camp complex Kaufering ( Memento from April 18, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- Bomb victims of the concentration camp satellite camp and the Haunstetten community during World War II ( memento from December 23, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- The Trostberg subcamp of the Dachau concentration camp
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dachau external commandos ( Memento of the original from July 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Online at Bavarian State Center for Political Education, blz.bayern.de, last change on: April 23, 2013.
- ^ Stanislav Zámečník: That was Dachau . Luxemburg, 2002. Chapter: "External Commands and Subcamps" pp. 303–304.
- ↑ Remnants of the former satellite camp (photos)
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ see also archive link ( Memento of the original from May 25, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. [2]
- ↑ The Place of Terror - History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps, ISBN 3-406-52962-3 .
- ^ Norbert Frýd : Card index of the living (Berlin 1959, 2015)
- ↑ Martin Wolf: Im compulsion for the empire. The subcamp of the Dachau concentration camp in Ottobrunn (excerpt from: Stefan Plöchinger (ed.), Jürgen Bauer, Martin Wolf, Birgit Schrötter: Displaced? Forgotten? Processed?, 3rd edition. 2001). Accessed July 2, 2013 (PDF file; 586 kB).
- ↑ Short report on the aviation research institute
- ↑ Report with picture
- ^ Report on the camp in Seehausen
- ↑ http://www.kz-aussenlager-trostberg.de/ Virtuelle Gedenkstätte d. Subcamp Trostberg
- ↑ On the BergNews.com website (HTML)
- ↑ Photo ( Memento from June 30, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
Map with all coordinates: