Glöwen subcamp

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A memorial stone erected in 2004 for the camp on Landstrasse north of Nitzow

The Glöwen subcamp was a subcamp of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp between the towns of Glöwen and Nitzow that existed from 1944 to 1945 . The inmates were called in for work in the Glöwen camp , an ammunition and spare parts store. In addition to the subcamp , there was also a forced labor camp on the site .

location

The camp was located between Nitzow (today a district of Havelberg ) and Glöwen in an approximately 500-hectare forest area near today's state border between Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt near the Havel .

history

As early as the first half of the 1930s, Dynamit Actien-Gesellschaft (DAG) acquired properties north of Nitzow. In 1939 she began building a factory initially planned as a nitrocellulose (NC) plant. A housing estate for employees and workers' accommodation was built in Glöwen. In 1941 the construction of the NC factory was postponed and the construction of an ammunition and spare parts warehouse for the DAG began. A primer factory was also built on the site. Furthermore, explosives were recovered from prey ammunition and duds in a “deplaboration facility”. The facility had a siding from the Glöwen – Havelberg railway line .

In a camp near the town of Nitzow, a barrack camp was set up as early as 1940, initially for German civilian workers. Later it was divided into a part for civil workers, one for foreign workers and even later into a part for the inmates of the subcamp. The exact number of foreign workers is unclear.

Since 1944 Glöwen became a concentration camp satellite camp. 499 female Jewish prisoners from the Stutthof concentration camp were brought to Glöwen, plus 268 male Jewish prisoners from the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. These had been transferred there from the forced labor camp in Pionki near Radom in Poland , where they had to work in a powder factory. Due to the approaching Red Army , the Pionki production facility had been relocated to the west. Female and male prisoners were strictly separated in the camp. In 1945 the male prisoners were divided into three groups. Most of them were taken to the Rathenow subcamp , where they were employed in the Arado works and liberated in April 1945. Others were deported to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp and murdered there. The third part was brought back to Sachsenhausen and, when it closed, was sent on the death march . The female prisoners were to be brought to the Ravensbrück concentration camp and, because of its overcrowding, were sent to the Malchow satellite camp, where they were liberated on May 2, 1945.

Later reception

After the Second World War , the Red Army first used the area , later the Barracked People's Police and the National People's Army of the GDR. Part of the area is still used by the Bundeswehr today.

In 1947, residents of Glöwen erected a memorial made of the concrete from the street that prisoners had to walk across. The monument was not preserved.

The history of the camp was not researched for about 40 years thereafter. It was not until the second half of the 1980s that the first reports appeared in the GDR press; In 1986, a request from the local historian Gerald Christopeit from Havelberg to the then Sachsenhausen National Memorial went unanswered. In 1995, the state of Brandenburg invited former prisoners from the concentration camps in the state on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the liberation, and prisoners from the Glöwen camp also reported. Since 1997, the exhibition in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp memorial has commemorated the satellite camp in Glöwen. In Glöwen there was no memory of the camp at all until the end of the 1990s. Since 2004 there is a memorial stone on the road from Havelberg to Bad Wilsnack north of Nitzow. Two former prisoners were also present at the inauguration ceremony. The stone is tended by the students at a school in Bad Wilsnack .

literature

  • Thomas Irmer, forced labor in the "bag camp" - the Glöwen subcamp. In: Stadt Havelberg (ed.), Havelberg, a small town with a great past , Mitteldeutscher Verlag GmbH, Halle 1998, ISBN 3-932776-11-9 , pp. 169–180.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Thomas Irmer: Glöwen. In: Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel (eds.): The place of terror . History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps. Volume 3: Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald. CH Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-52963-1 , pp. 194-197.
  2. ↑ Thomas Irmer, Forced Labor in the "Bag Camp" - The Glöwen Subcamp. In: Stadt Havelberg (ed.), Havelberg, small town with a great past , Mitteldeutscher Verlag GmbH, Halle 1998, ISBN 3-932776-11-9 , p. 172.
  3. ↑ a b Thomas Irmer, Forced Labor in the "Bag Camp" - The Glöwen satellite camp. In: Stadt Havelberg (ed.), Havelberg, small town with a great past , Mitteldeutscher Verlag GmbH, Halle 1998, ISBN 3-932776-11-9 , p. 173.
  4. ↑ Thomas Irmer, Forced Labor in the "Bag Camp" - The Glöwen Subcamp. In: Stadt Havelberg (ed.), Havelberg, a small town with a great past , Mitteldeutscher Verlag GmbH, Halle 1998, ISBN 3-932776-11-9 , pp. 174/75.
  5. ↑ Thomas Irmer, Forced Labor in the "Bag Camp" - The Glöwen Subcamp. In: Stadt Havelberg (ed.), Havelberg, a small town with a great past , Mitteldeutscher Verlag GmbH, Halle 1998, ISBN 3-932776-11-9 , pp. 176–178.
  6. ↑ Winfried Meyer (Ed.), Klaus Neitmann (Ed.), Forced Labor During the Nazi Period in Berlin and Brandenburg: Forms, Function and Reception , Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, 2001, ISBN 3-932981-31-6 , p 207.
  7. ↑ a b Thomas Irmer, Forced Labor in the "Bag Camp" - The Glöwen satellite camp. In: Stadt Havelberg (ed.), Havelberg, a small town with a great past , Mitteldeutscher Verlag GmbH, Halle 1998, ISBN 3-932776-11-9 , p. 169.
  8. ↑ Thomas Irmer, Forced Labor in the "Bag Camp" - The Glöwen Subcamp. In: Stadt Havelberg (ed.), Havelberg, small town with a great past , Mitteldeutscher Verlag GmbH, Halle 1998, ISBN 3-932776-11-9 , p. 180.
  9. ^ Memorial stone maintenance on the website of the Elbe Valley Elementary School Bad Wilsnack, accessed on January 5, 2013.