Wiener Neudorf subcamp

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The Wiener Neudorf subcamp , also known colloquially as the Wiener Neudorf concentration camp , was one of the subcamps of the National Socialist Mauthausen concentration camp in Wiener Neudorf during the Second World War . From 1943 it belonged to the operation of the Flugmotorenwerke Ostmark in Guntramsdorf and other production facilities where the prisoners were used for forced labor .

history

It was opened on August 2, 1943 and was located in what is now the municipality of Guntramsdorf (memorial: 2353 Guntramsdorf, Industriestraße 21). It was one of about 50 satellite camps of the Mauthausen concentration camp in which prisoners were beaten to death until April 1945. Most of the prisoners came from Estonia, Poland, Russia, France, Germany and Austria. The concentration camp was built on the site of one of several existing “labor camps” at the plant. It comprised 22 barracks , two more as sick barracks, six washrooms, toilet barracks, a camp office, kitchen, workshop and accommodation for the guards. In a loss-making American air raid on the Ostmarkwerke on July 26, 1944, the camp was largely destroyed, 31 prisoners were killed. The warehouse was therefore rebuilt on a second location in the north of what is now the municipality of Wiener Neudorf (Mitterfeld).

On April 2, 1945, because of the approaching Soviet troops, the SS evacuated it with a death march to Mauthausen concentration camp, 180 km away, where 184 or 243 people were murdered. On May 5, 1945, the survivors of the death march in the Mauthausen main camp were liberated by American troops.

At the peak of the number of prisoners in September 1944, 3,170 prisoners were being held. Written evidence is available for just over 200 murders in connection with the concentration camp subcamp. The number of deaths is estimated to be double.

post war period

The companies Daimler-Benz and Steyr-Daimler-Puch relocated a large part of the machines from the Neudorf factory to Kirchbichl in Tyrol immediately after the end of the war . A small part of the machines was dismantled as a repair .

The most important legal proceedings for the crimes committed in the Guntramsdorf / Wiener Neudorf satellite camp took place in 1946 before an American military court as part of the Dachau trials on the site of the former Dachau concentration camp . There was also later another trial in Warsaw, where the Neudorf camp doctor Rolf Busch-Waldeck appeared as a witness or expert. The main perpetrators on site were sentenced to death and executed in Landsberg: an SS-Hauptsturmführer Schmutzler, Hauptmann Stier and the SS-Blockführer Thunke and Höllriegel. The SS block leader Karl Lehnert was sentenced to death in Poland and executed. In 1993, a trial was conducted before the Duisburg Regional Court against two people from the camp staff who were accused of shooting prisoners on the death march to Mauthausen. One of the defendants was sentenced to two years in prison.

Memorials

Memorial in Wiener Neudorf

In autumn 2014, a memorial was also erected in Wiener Neudorf. It was designed by Arik Brauer .

See also

literature

  • Reinhard Engel, Joana Radzyner : slave labor under the swastika. The suppressed history of Austrian industry. Deuticke, Vienna et al. 1999, ISBN 3-216-30456-6 .
  • Bertrand Perz : The establishment of a concentration camp in Wiener Neudorf. On the connection between armaments expansion and forced labor of concentration camp prisoners. In: Yearbook of the Documentation Archive of Austrian Resistance 1988, ISSN  1012-4535 , pp. 88–116.

Movie

  • Walter König, Charlotte Dörre: "Waldeck's medicament box" AT, 2005, 45 min.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Major attack by the 15th US Air Force on Eastern Austria on July 26, 1944 - overview of the losses of the 301st bomber group , website regiowiki.at, accessed on December 26, 2014
  2. ↑ history of the satellite camp Wiener Neudorf ( Memento in the December 26, 2014 Internet Archive ), www.mauthausen-memorial.at website, accessed on 26 December 1942
  3. ↑ Summary of judgments on justice and Nazi crimes ( memento of the original from February 26, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www1.jur.uva.nl
  4. ↑ New memorial for concentration camp victims. In: noe@orf.at. October 25, 2014, accessed January 14, 2015 .

Web links

Coordinates: 48 ° 4 ′ 0 ″  N , 16 ° 19 ′ 38.5 ″  E