Kahuna
The word Kahuna comes from Hawaiian and is interpreted in different ways.
Pukui & Elbert (Hawaiian Dictionary)
Pukui & Elbert (1986) define a kahuna as:
- priest
- wizard
- magician
- minister
- as an expert in various skills.
Max Freedom Long - Kahuna after Huna
Max Freedom Long (1890–1971) was an American New Age author. He was fascinated by the spiritual and healing rites of the traditional Hawaiians and he began to research them. To this end, he developed a New Age system called Huna = "The Secret Knowledge".
According to Long, the word meaning KA = guardian, thus according to Long the KA - HUNA sees itself as the guardian of hidden knowledge. Traditional Hawaiian, teacher and Kahuna Charles Kenn, a Living Treasure of Hawai'i, was kind to Max Freedom Long, but he said, "Even though the HUNA study is a very interesting study ... it is never a Hawaiian one."
Serge Kahili King
Serge Kahili King (birth name Serge King) was admitted to the family of the same name by Joseph Kahili, where he trained as a Kahuna for many years.
In 1973 he founded his own society to spread the HUNA teaching. When explaining the terminology of a KAHUNA, Serge refers, among others, to Lorrin Andrews, author of the first Hawaiian dictionary published in 1865. According to Lorrin Andrews, “kahuna” is a combination of “kahu” cooking something and “ana” (which corresponds to a part or thing).
Serge Kahili King interprets "kahu" and "ana" as follows: "Kahu" also stands for caring for an oven, taking care of the food or generally caring for something. He further describes that "kahu" (to take care of) and "na" (particle) is someone who cares about something and takes care of things. According to Serge Kahili King, Kahun is someone who takes care of “things”. Likewise, he sees the title Kahun more like a Dr. or Prof. , someone who has become a specialist in his capacity.
Kahuna as specialists
David Malo, author of Hawaiian Antiquities, describes how Kamehameha the Great chose many Kahuna artisans. He divided them into different professional groups and made them specialists, including in the following groups:
- Canoe manufacturing
- Surfboard manufacture
- Bowl-making
- Dyeing clothes
- Navigation and many other handicrafts
- doctors
- healer
In their book Tales from the Night Rainbow , Koko Willis, Pali Jae Lee & Kailiʻohe Kameʻekua describe a total of 40 kahunas . "20 KAHUNA are listed as healers ." For example, a "Kahuna la'au lapa'au" (herbal healer ) once wore this title Morrnah Simeona , who was also known through Ho'oponopono , the Hawaiian forgiveness. Morrnah Simeona was revered as Hawaii's Living Treasure.
Morrnah's mother Lilia was one of the last recognized Kahuna lāʻau kahea or "priestess who healed with words".
Division of the kahuna into three categories
- Someone who has become a specialist in a professional skill (craftsman).
- The healers and sages who, like the shamans of the indigenous peoples, were in contact with spirits (spiritually experienced healers and sages who healed with spirits, healers who drew their knowledge from the spiritual world and are "experts" of inner truths)
- Doctors, counselors, teachers
The artisan Kahuna
- kālai waʻa: A kahuna, expert in canoe making
- Ho'okele: A Kahuna expert on navigation
- Kalai la'au: A Kahuna carpenter
- Kala: a silversmith
- Paka'a: master of geology, psychic perception and navigation
- Ho'oulu'ai: A kahuna who specializes in agriculture.
- Lawai'a: A kahuna who specializes in fishing .
- Kupua A'o: A kahuna, high priest. Master teacher of the Enlightenment or the art of self-realization. This priesthood class was banned under the death penalty after the Ali'i invasion. The elements survived and the knowledge of their ancestors was secretly preserved.
- Kahuna Kilo Moana: Kahuna of the Order of Lono who specializes in oceanography .
The healers and sages Kahuna
- Haha: A kahuna who specializes in diagnosing illness through touch.
- Ha'i'olelo: A kahuna who specializes in moving energy through speaking and / or chanting. Preacher.
- Hana Aloha: Kahuna who specializes in specializing in enterogenic drugs (drugs that come in contact with their divine nature) with herbs, prayers, and even hypnosis. Similar to native American shamans who perform peyote or ayahuasca ceremonies.
- Ho'opi'opi'o: A kahuna who specializes in counteracting sorcery by returning any life force to the kahuna "Ana'ana who sent it. This usually resulted in the kahuna 'Ana'ana was killed.
- Ho'omanamana: A Kahuna who specializes in restoring spiritual connections with the ancestors.
- Kalai: A kahuna who specializes in carving and sculpture. Can recognize the spirit in the raw material that wants to be given shape.
- Ki'i: A form of Ali'i kahuna who was the protector of images used by Ali'i kings. This person packed, oiled, and saved the images and carried them in front of the chief in battle.
- Kilokilo: A kahuna who specializes in reading clouds, birds and other messages that ancestors sent to heaven.
- Kilolani: A kahuna who specializes in astronomy and reads the news in the stars.
- Kilo Lima: A kahuna who specializes in reading signs on people such as hands, eyes, skin marks, etc.
- Lena: A Kahuna who specializes in diagnosis by sight.
- Lomilomi: A kahuna who specializes in body work to restore balance in the body so that mana (life energy) can flow properly. True Lomilomi is a spiritual practice combined with some form of body work.
- Nui: A form of ali'i kahuna. An ali'i high priest who is an adviser to the high chief.
- Pule: A kahuna who is a specialist in meditation and makes prayers.
- Kumu Hula: A kahuna that focuses on moving energy through the sacred dance of hula . The kumu is the recognized master of a branch of hula.
- Kumu Oli: A kahuna who specializes in moving energy through a form of chant that was not danced. The kumu is the recognized master of any form or type of chant.
Doctors, surgeons, and herbalists
- La'au Lapa'au: A kahuna who specializes in medicine with herbal preparation, nutrition, and other forms of natural therapies.
- Kahuna O'o: A Kahuna who specializes in surgery.
- Pa'ao'ao: A kahuna who specializes in pediatric medicine, much like a modern pediatrician.
- Pale Keiki: A Kahuna who specializes in the use of herbs, diet, and other physical and mental therapies to insure a healthy birth, much like a modern obstetrician would.
The kahuna during proselytizing
During the proselytizing in 1820, kahuna practices were banned and allowed again.
- until 1831 all kahuna practices were legal
- some were then banned by 1863
- by 1887 all were legal
- until 1919 some were illegal
- since 1919 all but sorcery were legal.
The preservation of the old rites and healing methods during missionary work
The first Christian missionaries arrived in Hawaii in 1820. At that time, the most powerful person in the nation was Ka'ahumanu. She did not bow until 1825. It was not until eleven years after the missionaries arrived that she promulgated laws against hula, chant, 'awa (kava) and the Hawaiian religion.
King Kamehameha V came to power in 1863. He disdained the prohibitions and encouraged the revival of local practices. Many kahuna came from exile. On Maui, a group of eight Hawaiians founded Ahahui La'au Lapa'au in 1866. They weren't just Kahuna; Some were also members of the Hawaiian legislature. They interviewed twenty-one kahuna to translate a complete resource of prayers and remedies for the legislature. Both Kamehameha V and his successor, King Kalakaua, invited Kahuna to come to Honolulu to share their wisdom. They translated oral and written stories and documented the prayers, chants, hulas and remedies for healing. Kalakaua has convened groups from Kahuna to advise one another to preserve their heritage. These and many other features of Kalakaua outraged the Christian residents. In 1887, with the bayonet constitution, they forced the king to renounce his authority. During all of these legal and political maneuvers, many have continued to practice traditional kahuna, just as they and their ancestors always did.
What is not a kahuna in the traditional sense
- a board game, see Kahuna (game)
- a project of a new edition of the webmail provider Hotmail
- The Big Kahuna is a 1999 American drama movie
- Dodge Kahuna , a concept vehicle from the US automobile manufacturer Dodge
Others
- Ho'oponopono [1] Alohahuna, how the Kahuna healed with forgiveness
- Morrnah Simeona Living Treasure Hawaii's
- Bishop Museum [2]
- Tohunga A related term of J'Kahuna and title in Māori tradition
literature
- Pukui, Mary Kawena, Samuel H. ( 1986), Hawaiian
- tionary, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 0-8248-0703-0
- Lorrin Andrews: A Dictionary of Hawaiian Language. Ed. Island Heritage Publishing; Bilingual edition (March 2003) ISBN 978-0-89610-374-0 , p. 567.
- Koko Willis, Kailiʻohe Kameʻekua, Pali Jae Lee Tales from the Rainbow; Night Rainbow Publishing Company, 1990 ISBN 978-0-9628030-0-0 , 112 pages
- Stone, Scott SC (2000). Living Treasures of Hawaii 25th Anniversary of the Selections of Outstanding Persons as Honored by The Honpa Honwanji Mission of Hawai'i. Honolulu: Island Heritage. p. 24.
- Richard Tregaskis: Warrior King Hawaii's Kamehameha teh Great. Ed .: Falmout Pr (January1, 1984). ISBN 978-0-681-02826-5 .
- R. Makana Risser Chai; Hawaiian Massage Lomilomi: Sacred Touch of Aloha; Hawaiian Insights, Inc .; 1st edition (October 23, 2007); ISBN 978-0-9791867-0-7 ; 176 pages
- Introduction to the Ethnology of Oceania; Hermann Miller, page 210
- Scott SC Stone: Island Heritage, Honolulu 2000, 24
Individual evidence
- ↑ Pukui, Mary Kawena; Elbert, Samuel H. (1986), Hawaiian Dictionary, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 0-8248-0703-0
- ↑ Scott SC Stone: Island Heritage, Honolulu 2000, p. 24.
- ↑ Pali Jae Lee: Ho'opono. Night Rainbow Publishing, Honolulu 1999, ISBN 978-0-9677253-6-9 , p. 56
- ^ Lorrin Andrews: A Dictionary of the Hawaiian Language . Ed .: Island Heritage Publishing. 2003, ISBN 978-0-89610-374-0 , pp. 567 .
- ↑ David Malo: Hawaiian Antiquities: Moolelo Hawaii . Bishop Museum Press; 2nd edition (February 28, 2012), February 28, 2012, p. 278 .
- ↑ Richard Tregaskis: Warrior King: Hawaii's Kamehameha the Great . Ed .: Falmouth Pr. 1984, ISBN 978-0-681-02826-5 .
- ↑ Koko Willis, Kaili'ohe Kame'ekua, Pali Jae Lee: Tales from the night rainbow . Ed .: Night Rainbow Publishing Company, 1990. ISBN 978-0-9628030-0-0 , pp. 112 .
- ^ Likeke R. McBride: The Kahuna: Versatile Masters of Old Hawai'i . Ed .: Petroglyph Pr Ltd. 2000, ISBN 978-0-912180-51-9 , pp. 76 .
- ^ R. Makana Risser Chai: Hawaiian Massage Lomilomi: Sacred Touch of Aloha . Ed .: Hawaiian Insights, Inc. 1st ed. 2007, ISBN 978-0-9791867-0-7 .
- ↑ Chai Makana Risser: Na Mo'olelo Lomilomi: The Traditions of Hawaiian Massage and Healing . Ed .: Bishop Museum Press. ISBN 978-1-58178-046-8 .
- ^ John M. van Dyke: Who Owns the Crown Lands of Hawaii? Ed .: University of Hawaii Press. 2007, ISBN 978-0-8248-3211-7 , pp. 560 .
- ↑ Must We Wait in Despair: The 1867 Report of the Ahahui La Au Lapa Au of Wailuku, Maui on Native Hawaiian Health
- ↑ Introduction to the Ethnology of Oceania by Hermann Miller, page 210