Qing Dynasty Emperor
| Name 1 |
Posthumous Title 2 (short form) |
Temple name 2 | Government currency or era name 3 Chinese , Manchu |
Reign | Well-known name in the West |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nurhaci 努爾哈赤 Nǔ'ěrhāchì |
Gāodì 高帝 |
Tàizǔ 太祖 |
Tiānming 天命 Abkai fulingga ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᡶᡠᠯᡳᠩᡤᠠ ("By God's grace") |
1616-1626 4 | Nurhaci |
| Huáng Tàijí 5 皇太极 |
Wéndì 文帝 |
Tàizōng 太宗 |
Tiāncōng 天 聰 Abkai sure 1627–1636; ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠰᡠᡵᡝ ("By God Clever") Chóngdé |
1626-1643 | Huáng Tàijí |
| Fúlín 福臨 |
Zhāngdì 章帝 |
Shìzǔ 世祖 |
Shùnzhì 順治 Ijishūn dasan ᡳᡪᡳᠰᡥᡡᠨ ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠨ ("Government obedient to [Heaven]") |
1643-1661 6 | Shùnzhì |
| Xuányè 玄 燁 |
Réndì 仁 帝 |
Shèngzǔ 聖祖 |
Kāngxī 康熙 Elhe taifin ᡝᠯᡥᡝ ᡨᠠᡳᡶᡳᠨ ("Healthy World Peace") |
1661-1722 | Kāngxī |
| Yìnzhēn 胤 禛 |
Xiàndì 憲 帝 |
Shìzōng 世宗 |
Yōngzhèng 雍正 Hūwaliyasun tob ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠰᡠᠨ ᡨᠣᠪ ("Harmonic straightness") |
1722-1735 | Yōngzhèng |
| Hónglì 弘曆 |
Chúndì 純 帝 |
Gāozōng 高宗 |
Qiánlóng 乾隆 Abkai wehiyehe ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠸᡝᡥᡳᠶᡝᡥᡝ ("Supported by God") |
1735–1796 († 1799) 7 |
Qiánlóng |
| Yóngyǎn 顒 琰 |
Ruìdì 睿 帝 |
Rénzōng 仁宗 |
Jiaqing 嘉慶 Saicungga fengšen ᠰᠠᡳᠴᡠᠩᡤᠠ ᡶᡝᠩᡧᡝᠨ ("Promising salvation") |
1796-1820 | Jiāqìng |
| Minníng 旻寧 |
Chéngdì 成帝 |
Xuānzōng 宣宗 |
Dàoguāng 道光 ("Reason and Light") Doro eldengge ᡩᠣᡵᠣ ᡝᠯᡩᡝᠩᡤᡝ |
1820-1850 | Dàoguāng |
| Yìzhǔ 奕 詝 |
Xiǎndì 顯 帝 |
Wénzōng 文宗 |
Xiánfēng 咸豐 (“General Welfare”) Gubci elgiyengge ᡤᡠᠪᠴᡳ ᡝᠯᡤᡳᠶᡝᠩᡤᡝ ("Whole Abundance") |
1850-1861 | Xiánfēng |
| Zǎichún 載 淳 |
Yìdì 毅 帝 |
Mùzōng 穆宗 |
Tóngzhì 同治 (“Common Order”) Yooningga dasan ᠶᠣᠣᠨᡳᠩᡤᠠ ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠨ |
1861–1874 8 | Tóngzhì |
| Zǎitián 載 湉 |
Jǐngdì 景帝 |
Dézōng 德宗 |
Guāngxù 光緒 ("Brilliant course") Badarangga doro ᠪᠠᡩᠠᡵᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᡩᠣᡵᠣ ("Growing Rule") |
1874–1908 8 | Guāngxù |
| Pǔyí 溥儀 also known as Henry |
none | none | Xuāntǒng 宣統 Gehungge yoso ᡤᡝᡥᡠᠩᡤᡝ ᠶᠣᠰᠣ ("Clear basic laws") |
1908–1912 († 1967) 9 |
Pǔyí |
| 1 The Qing family name was Aisin Gioro (愛新覺羅 - Aìxīnjuéluó ), but it was not customary for the Manchus to include the family or clan name in a person's name. | |||||
| 2 Posthumous titles and temple names are often used by more than one emperor from different dynasties. Therefore this name is usually prefixed with the name of the dynasty. Emperor Qianlong is often also called Qing Gaozong. | |||||
| 3 The government motto was used to determine the year in the respective reign of an emperor and was something like a motto under which the rule was placed, accordingly it is often referred to as the era name in the West . Before the Ming period, most of them, during the Ming only Emperor Chengzu had two or more government currencies. The Qing rulers only had one government currency each, which is why this is often incorrectly used as the emperor's name. | |||||
| 4 Nurhaci founded the Jīn Dynasty or later Jīn Dynasty in 1616, his son Huáng Tàijí changed the name to the Qīng Dynasty in 1636. Nurhaci had the government name Tiānming, his Qīng titles were awarded posthumously. | |||||
| 5 Huáng Tàijí (皇太極) is also known as “Hóng Tàijí” (洪 太極), in some historical books he incorrectly has the name Abahai (阿巴海). | |||||
| 6 Emperor Shùnzhì was the first Qīng emperor to rule all of China after the capture of Beijing in 1644. | |||||
| 7 Emperor Qiánlóng officially resigned his office in 1796, and from then on he was retired emperor (太上皇 帝). He did this to show his grandfather, Emperor Kāngxī, his honor and to rule no longer than he did. However, he remained the supreme power in the state until his death in 1799. Only then did his son, Emperor Jiāqìng, begin to exercise power in his own name. | |||||
| 8 Empress Dowager Cíxǐ , concubine of Emperor Xiánfēng and mother of Emperor Tóngzhì, adoptive mother of Emperor Guāngxù, used her extraordinary skills of political manipulation to become the actual center of power. She ruled practically from 1861 until her death in 1908. She was regent when the two young emperors were still minors and banished Emperor Guāngxù to the Summer Palace when he tried to implement reforms in 1898. The death of Guāngxù was announced the day before her own death. | |||||
| 9 The Qīng dynasty was overthrown in 1911. Emperor Pǔyí was only forced to abdicate on February 12, 1912. Pǔyí was subsequently head of the Japanese-controlled Manchukuo Empire between 1932 and 1945 . | |||||
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