Temple name
| Temple name | |
|---|---|
| Chinese name | |
| Long characters | 廟號 |
| Abbreviation | 庙号 |
| - Pinyin (Mandarin) | miàohào |
| - Jyutping (Cantonese) | miu 6 hou 6 |
| Vietnamese name | |
| Quốc ngữ | miếu hiệu |
| Hán tự | 廟號 |
| Korean name | |
| Hangeul | 묘호 |
| Hanja | 廟號 |
|
- Revised Romanization |
myoho |
Temple names ( Chinese 廟號 / 庙号 , Pinyin miàohào ) were given to Chinese , Korean and Vietnamese rulers after their death and, in contrast to posthumous names, consist of only two characters and are more exclusive; in contrast to the era names , they are not used to count the year. Temple names were given over many periods in China, in Korea in the Goryeo and Joseon periods, and in Vietnamese dynasties such as Trần , Lý and Lê .
The temple name is made up of:
- an adjective that describes the circumstances of the ruler's reign. The meaning often coincides with the posthumous name, but it usually does not occur that the posthumous name contains the adjective character from the temple name. The founders of dynasties, on the other hand, are usually called high ( 高 ) or great ( 太 ).
- "Kaiser": either zǔ ( 祖 ) or zōng ( 宗 ).
- Zǔ ("forefather") is reserved for the founder of a new dynasty or the founder of a new line in an existing dynasty. The Korean equivalent is jo ( 조 ).
- Zōng ("ancestor") is used for all other rulers; in Korean: jong ( 종 )
The name temple refers to the great temple ( 太廟 or 大廟 ) or temple of the ancestors ( 祖廟 ) where crown princes and other nobles came together to venerate their ancestors. On the tablets that were placed in the temple for each of the ancestors, the temple name of the respective ruler was written.
Temple names have been given sporadically since the Han Dynasty ; this has been done regularly since the Tang Dynasty . Some of the Han emperors even had their temple names removed from their successors in 190. In Chinese, the temple name is used to distinguish the emperors from the Han period up to and including the Yuan period. The government currencies are used for the emperors of the Ming and Qing periods . The foreign currencies of the emperors are also known as Äranamen, Chinese niánhào ( 年號 / 年号 ).
In Korea, temple names are used to denote the kings of the early Goryeo dynasty (until 1274) and the kings and emperors of the Joseon dynasty . Names of rulers should be used for the Korean Empire (1897-1910), but temple names are often used instead.
In Vietnam, most rulers are known by their temple names , with the exception of the rulers of the Nguyễn and Tây Sơn dynasties, which are known by their era names.