Lý dynasty

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Ceramic stupa with lotus, bodhi leaf and dancer decorations, Hanoi (11th to 13th centuries)

The Lý dynasty ( Vietnamese : nhà Lý or Lý triều, Hán tự : 家 黎or黎 朝) is a Vietnamese imperial dynasty. It is also called the Later Lý Dynasty to differentiate it from the Earlier Lý Dynasty . It is not to be confused with the similar sounding Lê dynasty .

It had nine emperors who ruled from 1009 to 1225. It is one of the longest ruled of the great imperial dynasties of Vietnam.

The founder of the Lý dynasty was Lý Công Uẩn , also known as Lý Thái Tổ . Lý Thái Tổ moved the capital from Hoa Lư to Đại La (today's Hanoi ). He changed the name Đại La to Thăng Long . The empire was no longer called Đại Cồ Việt , but from 1054 Đại Việt .

The Lý emperors were all ardent followers of Buddhism. During their reign, Buddhism held an important position as a religion. But the emperors ruled according to the ideology of Confucianism. The first universities of Văn miếu (Confucius Temple) and Quốc tử giám (Imperial Academy) were founded in 1070 and 1076.

The central power went into the hands of the ruling house. The emperors, especially the first three emperors Lý Thái Tổ, Lý Thái Tông and Lý Thánh Tông , successfully reorganized the administration and the judiciary. During the time of the Lý rule, the country experienced a cultural, economic and religious boom.

Among other things, the Ly dynasty created the Imperial Academy ( Quốc Tử Giám ) founded in 1076 in its capital Thang Long, an educational institution that has existed through subsequent dynasties up to modern times.

A Chinese invasion 1075-1077 could be repulsed under the leadership of the Vietnamese general Lý Thường Kiệt .

The empire fell into disrepair under the later emperors. Many of them came to the throne in childhood and were unable to rule the country.

The penultimate emperor Lý Huệ Tông handed the throne to his seven-year-old daughter Lý Chiêu Hoàng and went to the monastery. Lý Chiêu Hoàng was forced by the minister Trần Thủ Độ to marry his nephew Trần Cảnh and in 1225 to renounce the throne in favor of her husband. A year later forced Trần Thủ Độ Emperor Ly Huệ Tông, who was in the monastery, suicide to commit. The Lý dynasty was replaced by the Trần dynasty after 216 years of rule.

Emperor of Vietnam 1009 - 1225
Temple name Posthumous name Personal name Government years Rulership name Royal tomb
Thái Tổ Thần Vũ Hoàng đế Lý Công Uẩn 1009 1028 Thuận Thiên
(1010-1028)
Thọ Lăng
Thái Tông Đại Hành Hoàng Đế Lý Phật Mã 1028- 1054 Thiên Thành (1028–1034)
Thông Thụy (1034–1039)
Càn Phù HĐạu Đạo (1039–1042)
Minh Đạo (1042–1044)
Thiên Cảm Thánh Vũ (1044–1049)
Sùng Hưng Đại Bảo (1049–1054)
Thọ Lăng
Thánh Tông Ứng Thiên Sùng Nhân
Chí Đạo Uy Khánh
Long Tường Minh Văn
Duệ Vũ Hiếu Đức
Thánh Thần Hoàng Đế
Lý Nhật Tôn 1054- 1072 Long Thụy Thái Bình (1054-1058)
Chương Thánh Gia Khánh (1059-1065)

Long Chương Thiên Tự (1066–1068)
Thiên Thống Bảo Tượng (1068–1069)
Thần Vũ (1069–1072)

Thọ Lăng
Nhân Tông Hiếu Từ Thánh Thần
Văn Vũ Hoàng Đế
Lý Càn Đức 1072- 1127 Thái Ninh (1072–1076)
Anh Vũ Chiến Thắng (1076–1084)
Quảng Hựu (1085–1092)
Hội Phong (1092–1100)
Long Phù (1101–1109)
Hội Tường Đại Khánh (1110–1119)
Thiên Phù Duệ Vũ (1120–1126)
Thiên Phù Khánh Thọ (1127–1127)
Thiên Đức Lăng
Thần Tông Quảng Nhân Sùng Hiếu
Văn Vũ Hoàng Đế
Lý Dương Hoán 1128 - 1138 Thiên Thuận (1128–1132)
Thiên Chương Bảo Tự (1133–1138)
Thọ Lăng
Anh Tông - Lý Thiên Tộ 1138- 1175 Thiệu Minh (1138–1140)
Đại Định (1140–1162)
Chí Long Bảo Ứng (1163–1174)
Thiên Cảm Chí Bảo (1174–1175)
Thọ Lăng
Cao Tông - Lý Long Trát (Lý Long Cán) 1175- 1210 Trinh Phù (1176–1186)
Thiên Tư Gia Thụy (1186–1202)
Thiên Gia Bảo Hựu (1202–1204)
Trị Bình Long Ứng (1204–1210)
Thọ Lăng
Huệ Tông - Lý (Hạo) Sảm 1211 - 1224 Kiến Gia -
Chiêu Hoàng - Lý Phật Kim (Lý Thiên Hinh) 1224-1225 Thiên Chương Hữu Đạo -

See also

Individual evidence

  1. Bruce Lockhart, William J. Duiker: Historical Dictionary of Vietnam , Oxford, 2006, p. 175