Goryeo dynasty
King Taejo , founder of the Goryeo dynasty | |
Goryeo dynasty | |
---|---|
Korean alphabet : | 고려 왕조 |
Hanja : | 高麗 王朝 |
Revised Romanization : | Goryeo Wangjo |
McCune-Reischauer : | Koryŏ Wangjo |
The Goryeo dynasty ( Korean 고려 왕조 ), also known as the Koryŏ dynasty in literature , was a ruling dynasty that lasted for more from the establishment of Goryeo in 918 to its collapse and the establishment of the Joseon Empire in 1392 when he ruled the Korean Peninsula for 470 years .
Rise to the ruling family
When the Silla Empire fell apart and the Later Baekje Empire and the Later Goguryeo Empire split off due to unrest and power struggles, it was the clan chief Wang Geon ( 왕건 ) who, under the then King of the Later Goguryeo, Gungye ( 궁예 ) , experienced his military advancement and in 918 ousted King Gungye, who was subsequently killed while on the run. Wang Geon made himself the ruler of the split off empire, which he named Goryeo based on the earlier, great and powerful Goguryeo empire, and made his hometown Songak ( 송악 ), later Kaesŏng ( 개성 ), the capital of the empire. He led victorious campaigns against the remaining empires of the former Silla and Baekje and brought them together under the name of Goryeo in 936.
Wang Geon ruled Goryeo until his death in 943 and was posthumously honored with the name Taejo 태조 , which translates as "Great Founder" , a name given to him for his services to the political reunification of the Korean Peninsula. He was followed by a total of 33 other rulers from his family line, until King Gongyang Wang ( 공양왕 ) had to cede power to Yi Seong-gye ( 이성계 ) in 1392 , who founded the Joseon Dynasty ( 조선 왕조 ) with the Joseon Kingdom ( 조선 ) and also posthumously got the title Taejo .
List of rulers of the Goryeo dynasty
# | Ruler's name | kor. | Birth Name | kor. | Lifetime | Reign | comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Taejo | 태조 | Wang Geon | 왕건 | 877-943 |
918-943 |
Founder of the Goryeo Dynasty and the Goryeo Empire |
2 |
Hyejong | 혜종 | Wang Mu | 왕무 | 912-945 |
943-945 |
first son of King Taejo, withstood Wang Gyu's rebellion |
3 |
Jeongjong | 정종 | Wang Yo | 왕요 | 923-949 |
945-949 |
third son of King Taejo, tried unsuccessfully to move the capital of the empire to Pyongyang |
4th |
Gwangjong | 광종 | Wang So | 왕소 | 925-975 |
949-975 |
fourth son of King Taejo, strengthened the military of the empire |
5 |
Gyeongjong | 경종 | Wang Yu | 왕유 | 955-981 |
975-981 |
first son of King Gwangjong, bon vivant who neglected state affairs |
6th |
Seongjong | 성종 | Wang Chi | 왕치 | 960-997 |
981-997 |
Son of Dejeong, the 7th son of King Taejo, invested in education and created the country's first national university |
7th |
Mokjong | 목종 | Wang Song | 왕송 | 980-1009 |
997-1009 |
first son of King Gyeongjong, reorganized the ranking system for civil servants and carried out land reform |
8th |
Hyeonjong | 현종 | Wang Gu | 왕구 | 991-1031 |
1009-1031 |
Son of Anjong, the fifth son of King Taejo, came through a conspiracy against King Mokjong to power, which gave Tripitaka Koreana in order |
9 |
Deokjong | 덕종 | Wang Heum | 왕흠 | 1016-1034 |
1031-1034 |
the first son of King Hyeonjong, gave the Cheolli Jangseong (defensive wall) against the Khitan of the Liao Dynasty in order |
10 |
Jeongjong | 정종 | Wang Hyeong | 왕형 | 1018-1046 |
1034-1046 |
second son of King Hyeonjong, had the Cheolli Jangseong completed and expanded the northern line of defense against the Khitan |
11 |
Munjong | 문종 | Wang Hwi | 왕휘 | 1019-1083 |
1046-1083 |
third son of King Hyeonjong, master of calligraphy , promoted trade and cultural exchange with the neighboring kingdoms |
12 |
Sunjong | 순종 | Wang Hun | 왕훈 | 1047-1083 |
1083 |
first son of King Munjong, died after only three months in office |
13 |
Seonjong | 선종 | Wang Un | 왕운 | 1049-1094 |
1083-1094 |
Completed second son of King Munjong, Tripitaka Koreana, promoter of Buddhism |
14th |
Heonjong | 헌종 | Wang Uk | 왕욱 | 1084-1097 |
1094-1095 |
first son of King Seonjong, was replaced by his uncle Wang Ong because of his illness |
15th |
Sukjong | 숙종 | Wang Ong | 왕옹 | 1054-1105 |
1095-1105 |
third son of King Munjong, was interested in literature and had the coins introduced in 996 minted in copper; strengthened the military through reorganization |
16 |
Yejong | 예종 | Wang O | 왕오 | 1079-1122 |
1105-1122 |
first son of King Sukjong, advocated the philosophy of Daoism and education |
17th |
Injong | 인종 | Wang Hae | 왕해 | 1109-1146 |
1122-1146 |
the first son of King Yejong, himself had the rebellion, led by Kim Bu-sik , resist |
18th |
Uijong | 의종 | Wang Hyeon | 왕현 | 1127-1173 |
1146-1170 |
first son of King Injong, led a dissolute lifestyle and despised the military; the military took power and deposed Uijong |
19th |
Myeongjong | 명종 | Wang Ho | 왕호 | 1131-1202 |
1170-1197 |
third son of King Injong, was used by the military as a figurehead and later deposed by General Choe Chung-heon |
20th |
Sinjong | 신종 | Wang Min | 왕민 | 1144-1204 |
1197-1204 |
Fifth son of King Injong, he too only had representative duties; the military had power |
21st |
Huijong | 희종 | Wang Yeong | 왕영 | 1181-1237 |
1204-1211 |
first son of King Sinjong |
22nd |
Gangjong | 강종 | Wang O | 왕오 | 1152-1213 |
1211-1213 |
first son of King Myeongjong |
23 |
Gojong | 고종 | Wang Cheol | 왕철 | 1192-1259 |
1213-1259 |
first son of King Gangjong |
24 |
Wonjong | 원종 | Wang Jeong | 왕정 | 1219-1274 |
1259-1274 |
first son of King Gojong |
25th |
Chungnyeol Wang | 충렬왕 | Wang Geo | 왕거 | 1236-1308 |
1274-1308 |
first son of King Wonjong, beginning of the control of the Yuan Dynasty over Goryeo, recognizable by the prefix "chung" of the king's name |
26th |
Chungseon Wang | 충선왕 | Wang Jang | 왕장 | 1275-1325 |
1308-1313 |
first son of King Chungnyeol Wang |
27 |
Chungsuk Wang | 충숙왕 | Wang Do | 왕도 | 1294-1339 |
1313-1330 1332-1339 |
second son of King Chungseon Wang |
28 |
Chunghye Wang | 충혜왕 | Wang Jeong | 왕정 | 1315-1344 |
1330-1332 1339-1344 |
first son of King Chungsuk Wang |
29 |
Chungmok Wang | 충목왕 | Wang Heun | 왕흔 | 1337-1348 |
1344-1348 |
first son of King Chunghye Wang |
30th |
Chungjeong Wang | 충정왕 | Wang Jeo | 왕저 | 1337-1352 |
1348-1351 |
second son of King Chunghye Wang |
31 |
Gongmin Wang | 공민왕 | Wang Jeon | 왕전 | 1330-1374 |
1351-1374 |
Second son of King Chungsuk Wang, Goryeo broke out of dependence on the Yuan Dynasty, carried out reforms to restore Buddhism and land and property reform. |
32 |
U Wang | 우왕 | Wang U | 왕우 | 1365-1389 |
1374-1388 |
|
33 |
Chang Wang | 창왕 | Wang Chang | 왕창 | 1380-1389 |
1388-1389 |
|
34 |
Gongyang Wang | 공양왕 | Wang Gongyang | 왕 공양 | 1349-1394 |
1389-1392 |
Sources: Han, A Review of Korean History , 2010, Lee, A New History of Korea , 1984, 신재홍 , 한국 의 역사 , 2000
See also
literature
- Ki-baik Lee : A New History of Korea . Harvard University Press , Seoul 1984, ISBN 0-674-61576-X (English, Chinese: 韓國 史 新 論 . 1961. Translated by Edward W. Wagner).
- Kulturstiftung Ruhr Essen, Villa Hügel (ed.): The old kingdoms . Hirmer Verlag, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-7774-8220-X .
- 신재홍 : 한국 의 역사 . Ed .: Ministry for Education . 국제 교육 진 훙원 , Seoul December 10, 2000 (Korean, English).
- Han Young Woo : Joseon Era . In: A Review of Korean History . Volume 2 . Kyongsaewon Publishing Company , Pajubookcity, Gyeonggi-do 2010, ISBN 978-89-8341-092-4 (English).
- Kyoung Moon Hwang : A History of Korea . 2nd Edition. Red Globe Press , 2016, ISBN 978-1-137-57357-5 (English).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Lee-Kalisch, Goepper: To the exhibition . In: The Old Kingdoms . 1999, p. 11 .
- ↑ Han : Joseon Era . In: A Review of Korean History . 2010, p. 99 f .
- ↑ 신재홍 : 한국 의 역사 . 2000, p. 51 f .
- ^ Hwang : A History of Korea . 2016, p. 31 .
- ↑ Han : Joseon Era . In: A Review of Korean History . 2010, p. 305 f .
- ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p. 393 .
- ↑ 신재홍 : 한국 의 역사 . 2000, p. 205 .