Injong (Goryeo)

Injong 17th King of the Goryeo Dynasty
Spelling of names
Hangeul	인종
Hanja	仁宗
Revised Romanization	Injong
McCune-Reischauer	Injong
Reign
Reign of	1122
Reign until	1146
predecessor	King Yejong
successor	King Uijong
Life dates
Born on the	October 29, 1109
place of birth	Kaesŏng , Goryeo
Birth Name	왕해
Hanja	王 楷
Revised Romanization	Wang Hae
McCune-Reischauer	Wang Hae
father	King Yejong ( 예종 )
mother	Queen Sundeok of the Incheon Lee Clan ( 순덕 )
Death dates
Died on	April 10, 1146
Place of death	Kaesŏng , Goryeo
Spouses, mistresses, offspring
Woman (s)	Queen Gyongye of the Jangheung Clan ( 공예 ) Queen Seonpyeong of the Gangreung Kim Clan ( 선평 ) and two other ladies of the court
Sons	King Uijong ( 의종 ) King Myeongjong ( 명종 ) King Sinjong ( 신종 ) and two other sons as princes
Daughters	Princess Seunggyeong ( 승경 ) Princess Deoknyeong ( 덕녕 ) Princess Changrak ( 창락 ) Princess Yeonghwa ( 영화 )

King Injong ( Korean 인종 ) (born October 29, 1109 in Kaesŏng , Kingdom of Goryeo , † April 10, 1146 in Kaesŏng, Goryeo) was the 17th King of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo Dynasty during his reign from 1122 to 1146 ( 고려 왕조 ) (918-1392).

Life

Injong was the firstborn son of King Yejong ( 예종 ) and his wife Queen Sundeok ( 순덕 }), who came from the Incheon Lee clan. At his birth, Injong was given the name Wang Hae ( 왕해 ), was made crown prince in 1115 and succeeded his father to the throne after his father's death in May 1122. King Injong was married to four women. His third marriage to Queen Gyongye ( 공예 ), who came from the Jangheung Im clan, had five sons and two daughters. Of the sons, three of them later became king of the Goryeo Empire themselves, in the order of King Uijong ( 의종 ), King Myeongjong ( 명종 ) and King Sinjong ( 신종 ). All other marriages were childless.

King Injong, like his father King Injong, were taught Confucianism by the politician, historian and Confucian scholar Kim Bu-sik (1075–1151) ( 김부식 ). He also wrote the annals of the two kings with the Yejong Sillok ( 예종 실록 ) and Injong Sillok ( 인종 실록 ) . During the time of the Goryeo dynasty, Daoism was incorporated into Buddhism . One of the protégés of from China originating philosophy and world view was king Injong, who thus followed the line of his father. He even went so far that he wanted to make Daoism the state religion.

In the field of education, King Injong followed his father King Yejong, further developed the six schools he founded and, based on the academies of the capital, created schools in rural areas to educate the youth there. The strategy behind this was to integrate capable people from the countryside into the central bureaucratic structure of the empire and thus make them members of the aristocratic society of the capital.

But within the aristocratic society, disputes over land, power and influence arose during Injong's reign. One of the main players in this power game was Yi Ja-gyeom ( 이자겸 ), who was the father of his mother, Queen Sundeok ( 순덕 }). He made sure that his family clan gained influence at court, campaigned for Injong to become king after his father's death and had two of his daughters married to him, Princess Seungdeok ( 승덕 ) and Princess Heunggyeong ( 흥경 ). Yi Ja-gyeom also illegally expanded his land holdings and when King Injong tried to thwart his plans to develop power, many of Injong's supporters were murdered at court in 1126 and he himself was in danger. A year later, the impact could Yi Ja-gyeom and his family clan by opposition forces and by Cheok Jun-gyeong ( 척준경 ), who was himself previously involved in the rebellion against the king, be stopped.

The next rebellion against King Injong was instigated by the monk Myocheong ( 묘청 ) and the scholars Jeong Ji-sang ( 정지상 ) and Baek Su-han ( 백수 한 ). For geomantic reasons they urged King Injong to move the capital of the empire to Pyongyang ( 평양 ) and to build a palace there in 1129. They also urged him to give himself the title of Emperor of Goryeo in order to show himself to be of equal value to the Chinese dynasties. When King Injong opposed this, the monk Myocheong proclaimed his own kingdom in Pyongyang and sought a military confrontation with King Injong's army. Led by Kim Bu-sik ( 김부식 ), King Injong's army put down the rebellion in 1136 and killed the three leaders.

King Injong died in 1146. His burial place is unknown.

literature

• Ki-baik Lee : A New History of Korea . Harvard University Press , Seoul 1984, ISBN 0-674-61576-X (English, Chinese: 韓國 史 新 論 . 1961. Translated by Edward W. Wagner).
• Michael J. Pettid, Mark C. Mueller, Raymond F. Wall : Kang Kamch'an . In: Yang Hi Choe-Wall (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Korea . Australian National University , Canberra May 1999 (English).
• Han Young Woo : Ancient / Goryeo Era . In: A Review of Korean History . Volume 1 . Kyongsaewon Publishing Company , Pajubookcity, Gyeonggi-do 2010, ISBN 978-89-8341-091-7 (English, translated from Korean by Hahm Chaibong).

Web links

• 인종 [ 仁宗 , 1109 ~ 1146]. In: Doopedia . Doosan Corporation.Retrieved November 8, 2019(Korean). 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Han : Ancient / Goryeo Era . 2010, p.  369 .
2. ↑ 인종 [ 仁宗 , 1109 ~ 1146]. In: Doopedia . Doosan Corporation . Retrieved November 8, 2019 (Korean).  
3. ↑ Pettid, Mueller, Wall : Kim Pushik (1075-1151) . In: Encyclopedia of Korea . 1999, p.  688 f .
4. ↑ Pettid, Mueller, Wall : Daoism - Koryo . In: Encyclopedia of Korea . 1999, p.  337 .
5. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  130 .
6. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  120 .
7. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  136 f .
8. ↑ Pettid, Mueller, Wall : Geomancy - History . In: Encyclopedia of Korea . 1999, p.  423 .
9. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  137 f .
10. ↑ Pettid, Mueller, Wall : Chŏng Chisang . In: Encyclopedia of Korea . 1999, p.  210 .