Chungmok Wang

Chungmok Wang 29th King of the Goryeo Dynasty
Spelling of names
Hangeul	충목왕
Hanja	忠 穆王
Revised Romanization	Chungmok Wang
McCune-Reischauer	Ch'ungmok Wang
Reign
Reign of	1344
Reign until	1348
predecessor	King Chunghye Wang
successor	King Chungjeong Wang
Life dates
Born on the	May 15, 1337
place of birth	Kaesŏng , Goryeo
Birth Name	왕흔
Hanja	王 昕
Revised Romanization	Wang Heun
McCune-Reischauer	Wang Hŭn
father	King Chunghye Wang ( 충혜왕 )
mother	Princess Deoknyeong of the Mongol Borjigin clan ( 덕녕 )
Death dates
Died on	December 25, 1348
Place of death	Kaesŏng , Goryeo
Spouses, mistresses, offspring
Woman (s)	no

King Chungmok Wang ( Korean 충목왕 ) (born May 15, 1337 in Kaesŏng , Kingdom of Goryeo ; † December 25, 1348 in Kaesŏng, Goryeo) was the 29th King of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo Dynasty during his reign from 1344 to 1348 ( 고려 왕조 ) (918-1392).

Life

Chungmok Wang was the firstborn son of King Chunghye Wang ( 충혜왕 ) and his first wife Princess Deoknyeong ( 덕녕 ), who came from the Mongolian Borjigin clan. At his birth, Chungmok was given the name Wang Heun ( 왕흔 ). King Chungmok Wang was not married, but succeeded his father to the throne when he died in January 1344. At that time, King Chungmok Wang was only seven years old, so his mother Princess Deoknyeong took over the reign for him.

King Chungmok Wang died in December 1348 at the age of only eleven. His grave is not known. He was succeeded by King Chungjeong Wang ( 충정왕 ), the second-born son of King Chunghye Wang, to the throne.

Under the control of the Mongols

Like his forefathers, Chungmok Wang and all men, from the king down to ordinary citizens in the Gorgeo Empire, had to wear the Mongolian hair style in which the front hair was completely removed and a plait was worn on the back of the head. It was also compulsory to wear Mongolian clothing, to speak the Mongolian language and to send the young princes of the court to the Mongol Empire for training.

With Chungseon Wang's great-great-grandfather, the duty of the kings Goryeos to use Mongolian names began. As happened for earlier kings, from 1274 onwards the syllables jo ( 조 ) for ancestor and jong ( 종 ) for ancestors were no longer allowed to create a posthumous "temple name" for the kings. Instead, the names of the kings had to be prefixed with chung ( 충 ) to express the spirit of loyalty to the Yuan dynasty. The addition wang ( 왕 ), as a symbol for king, had to be placed after the name.

With the power of the Mongols over the Goryeo empire, its kings were no longer independent rulers of their kingdom for almost 80 years, but were firmly integrated into the structure of the Yuan dynasty as sons-in-law. This only changed with King Gongmin Wang ( 공민왕 ), who managed to free Goryeo from the rule of the Mongols.

literature

• Ki-baik Lee : A New History of Korea . Harvard University Press , Seoul 1984, ISBN 0-674-61576-X (English, Chinese: 韓國 史 新 論 . 1961. Translated by Edward W. Wagner).
• Michael J. Pettid, Mark C. Mueller, Raymond F. Wall : Kang Kamch'an . In: Yang Hi Choe-Wall (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Korea . Australian National University , Canberra May 1999 (English).
• Han Young Woo : Ancient / Goryeo Era . In: A Review of Korean History . Volume 1 . Kyongsaewon Publishing Company , Pajubookcity, Gyeonggi-do 2010, ISBN 978-89-8341-091-7 (English, translated from Korean by Hahm Chaibong).

Web links

• 충목왕 [ 忠 穆王 , 1337 ~ 1348]. In: Doopedia . Doosan Corporation.Retrieved November 16, 2019(Korean). 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Han : Ancient / Goryeo Era . 2010, p.  370 .
2. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  393 .
3. ↑ 충목왕 [ 忠 穆王 , 1337 ~ 1348]. In: Doopedia . Doosan Corporation . Retrieved November 16, 2019 (Korean).  
4. ↑ Pettid, Mueller, Wall : Clothing . In: Encyclopedia of Korea . 1999, p.  260 f .
5. ^ ^{A b c} Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  156 .
6. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  161 .