Hyeonjong (Goryeo)
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Hyeonjong |
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| Spelling of names | |
| Hangeul | 현종 |
| Hanja | 顯宗 |
| Revised Romanization | Hyeonjong |
| McCune-Reischauer | Hyǒnjong |
| Reign | |
| Reign of | 1009 |
| Reign until | 1031 |
| predecessor | King Mokjong |
| successor | King Deokjong |
| Life dates | |
| Born on the | August 1, 992 |
| place of birth | Kaesŏng , Goryeo |
| Birth Name | 왕순 |
| Hanja | 王 詢 |
| Revised Romanization | Wang Sun |
| McCune-Reischauer | Wang Sun |
| father | Anjong ( 안종 ) |
| mother | Queen Heonjeong of the Kaeseong Wang Clan ( 헌정 ) |
| Death dates | |
| Died on | June 17, 1031 |
| Place of death | Goryeo |
| Spouses, mistresses, offspring | |
| Woman (s) | Queen Wonjeong Kaeseong Wang Clan ( 원정 ) Wonhwa of the Gyeongju Choi Clan ( 원화 ) Wonseong of the Ansan Kim Clan ( 원성 ) Wonhye of the Ansan Kim Clan ( 원혜 ) and three other queens and six ladies of the court |
| Sons | King Deokjong ( 덕종 ) King Jeongjong ( 정종 ) King Munjong ( 문종 ) and two other sons |
| Daughters | Princess Hyojeong ( 효정 ) Princess Cheonsu ( 천수 ) Princess Gyeongsun ( 경숙 ) Queen Inpyeong ( 인평 ) Queen Hyosa ( 효사 ) Queen Gyeongseong ( 경성 ) and two other daughters |
| Remarks | |
| Grandson of King Taejo ( 태조 ) | |
King Hyeonjong ( Korean 현종 ) (born August 1, 992 in Kaesŏng , Kingdom of Goryeo ; † June 17, 1031 in Kaesŏng, Goryeo) was the 8th King of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo Dynasty during his reign from 1009 to 1031 ( 고려 왕조 ) (918-1392).
Life
Hyeonjong was a grandson of the founder Goryeos, King Taejo ( 태조 ), and son of Anjong ( 안종 ), the fifth son of Taejo. Hyeonjong's mother was Queen Heonjeong ( 헌정 ), who came from the Kaeseong Wang clan. At his birth, Hyeonjong was given the name Wang Sun ( 왕순 ). During his reign, Hyeonjong married seven queens and six other concubines. His sons Deokjong ( 덕종 ), Jeongjong ( 정종 ) and Munjong ( 문종 ) later became kings of the Goryeo empire themselves in that order.
King came to power Hyeonjong by a conspiracy against the reigning king Mokjong 목종 in 1009, at the Mokjongs involved mother and some of his in-laws family members. Mokjong was supposed to be sent into exile, but failed to achieve this as he was murdered on the way by the influential military commander of the northwestern command of the Goryeo Empire, Gang Jo ( 강조 ). Gang also made sure that Hyeonjong was immediately named king. But the khitan emperor of the Liao dynasty Shengzong ( 遼 聖宗 ) took advantage of the domestic political difficulties and invaded the Goryeo empire from the northwest, with the result that the newly crowned King Hyeonjong made the capital of the Goryeo empire, Kaesŏng ( 개성 ), had to leave and fled to Naju ( 나주 ) in the southwest of the country.
The armed conflicts between the Kitans and Goryeo continued until 1019, when King Hyeonjong's General Gang Gam-chan ( 강감찬 ) finally defeated the Kitans in a year-long war near Gwiju ( 귀주 ) in northern Goryeo and only a few soldiers of the Kitans survived.
As early as the second year of his reign, King Hyeonjong commissioned the printing of the Tripitaka Koreana (1st version), also known as Daejanggyeong ( 대장경 ) in Korea , and the associated production of the printing blocks. He assigned Choe Sawi ( 최 사위 ), who already held various positions in the state under King Mokjong, with the supervision of the project. With Hyeonjong's death in 1031, however, the project was discontinued and only continued again under King Munjong. The work was completed in 1087 under King Seonjong ( 선종 ) and destroyed by fire during the Mongol invasion in 1232. King Hyeonjong had other sutras printed with wooden printing blocks during his reign .
Hyeonjong died on June 17, 1031. The circumstances of his death are unknown, nor is his grave.
literature
- Ki-baik Lee : A New History of Korea . Harvard University Press , Seoul 1984, ISBN 0-674-61576-X (English, Chinese: 韓國 史 新 論 . 1961. Translated by Edward W. Wagner).
- Kenneth B. Lee, Kong-bok Yi : Korea and East Asia: The Story of Phoenix . Praeger Publishers , Westport, Connecticut 1997, ISBN 978-0-275-95823-7 (English).
- Hiyoul Kim: Korean History: An introduction to Korean history from prehistory to modern times . Asgard Verlag, St. Augustin 2004, ISBN 3-537-82040-2 .
- Han Young Woo : Ancient / Goryeo Era . In: A Review of Korean History . Volume 1 . Kyongsaewon Publishing Company , Pajubookcity, Gyeonggi-do 2010, ISBN 978-89-8341-091-7 (English, translated from Korean by Hahm Chaibong).
Web links
- 현종 [ 顯宗 , 992 ~ 1031]. In: Doopedia . Doosan Corporation,accessed November 4, 2019(Korean).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Han : Ancient / Goryeo Era . 2010, p. 369 .
- ↑ 현종 [ 顯宗 , 992 ~ 1031]. In: Doopedia . Doosan Corporation , accessed November 4, 2019 (Korean).
- ^ Lee, Yi : Korea and East Asia: The Story of Phoenix . 1997, p. 59 .
- ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p. 126 .
- ↑ 귀주 대첩 [ 龜 州 大捷 ]. In: Doopedia . Doosan Corporation , accessed November 4, 2019 (Korean).
- ↑ Kim: Korean History . 2004, p. 87 f .
- ^ Park Sang-jin : Under the Microscope . The Secrets of the Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks . Cambridge Scholars Publishing , Newcastle upon Tyne 2013, ISBN 978-1-4438-4608-0 , pp. 21st f . (English, translated from Korean by Kim Ji-hyun Philippa, first published in 2007).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Hyeonjong |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Wang Sun |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | 8. King of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo Dynasty |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 1, 992 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Kaesŏng , Goryeo |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 17, 1031 |
| Place of death | Goryeo |