Gangjong

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Gangjong
22nd King of the Goryeo Dynasty

Spelling of names
Hangeul 강종
Hanja 康 宗
Revised Romanization Gangjong
McCune-Reischauer Kangjong
Reign
Reign of 1211
Reign until 1213
predecessor King Huijong
successor King Gojong
Life dates
Born on the May 10, 1152
place of birth Kaesŏng , Goryeo
Birth Name 왕오
Hanja 王 祦
Revised Romanization Wang O
McCune-Reischauer Wang O
father King Myeongjong ( 명종 )
mother Queen Uijeong of the Kaesong Wang Clan ( 의정 )
Death dates
Died on August 26, 1213
Place of death Kaesŏng , Goryeo
Spouses, mistresses, offspring
Woman (s) Queen Sapyeong of the Jeonju Yi clan ( 사평 )
Queen Wondeok of the Kaesong Wang clan ( 원덕 )
Sons King Gojong ( 고종 )
Daughters Princess Sunyeong ( 수녕 )

King Gangjong ( Korean 강종 ) (born May 10, 1152 in Kaesŏng , Kingdom of Goryeo ; † August 26, 1213 in Kaesŏng, Goryeo) was the 22nd King of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo Dynasty during his reign from 1211 to 1213 ( 고려 왕조 ) (918-1392).

Life

Gangjong was the firstborn son of King Myeongjong ( 명종 ) and his wife Queen Uijeong ( 의정 ), who came from the Kaesong Wang clan. Gangjong was given the name Wang O ( 왕오 ) when he was born . King Gangjong was married to two women, with Queen Sapyeong ( 사평 ), who came from the Jeonju Yi clan and with whom he had a daughter, and to Queen Wondeok ( 원덕 ), who came from the Kaesong Wang clan and with whom he had a son, who after his death joined the line of succession as King Gojong ( 고종 ) as the 23rd king of the Goryeo dynasty.

After the military rebellion against Gangjong's uncle King Uijong ( 의종 ) in 1170, the three commanders Jeong Jung-bu ( 정중부 ), Yi Ui-bang ( 이의 방 ) and Yi Ko ( 이고 ) took power in the Goryeo empire , King Uijong deposed and Gangjong's father, Myeongjong, installed as king without powers. Gangjong was made crown prince by his father in 1173.

After disputes over the power issue in the military leadership and assassinations leading to several changes in military leadership and the exercise of government power in the years up to 1196, General Choe Chung-heon ( 최충헌 ) finally took over power and took care of himself Death in 1219 for the coronation of kings Sinjong ( 신종 ), Huijong ( 희종 ), Gangjong ( 강종 ) and Gojong ( 고종 ) as well as the deposition of King Myeongjong and the two kings Sinjong and Huijong, which he installed himself.

In 1197 King Myeongjong was deposed by General Choe Chung-heon and fled to Ganghwado Island ( 강화도 ) with his son Gangjong . Gangjong was appointed to the court in 1210 and was crowned king the following year. He succeeded King Huijong, who had previously been deposed by General Choe Chung-heon.

King Gangjong formally stood above his general Choe Chung-heon, but all important decisions in the empire were made by the general. King Gangjong was nothing more than a figurehead, like his father King Myeongjong and all his successors up to the Mongol invasion , after which the rule of the military ended and Goryeo came under the rule of the Mongol Empire , which only came with King Gongmin ( 공민 ), the 33rd Monarch of the Goryeo Dynasty, ended and the Goryeo Empire regained its sovereignty.

King Gangjong died in 1213. His tomb is not known.

literature

  • Ki-baik Lee : A New History of Korea . Harvard University Press , Seoul 1984, ISBN 0-674-61576-X (English, Chinese: 韓國 史 新 論 . 1961. Translated by Edward W. Wagner).
  • Michael J. Pettid, Mark C. Mueller, Raymond F. Wall : Kang Kamch'an . In: Yang Hi Choe-Wall (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Korea . Australian National University , Canberra May 1999 (English).
  • Han Young Woo : Ancient / Goryeo Era . In: A Review of Korean History . Volume 1 . Kyongsaewon Publishing Company , Pajubookcity, Gyeonggi-do 2010, ISBN 978-89-8341-091-7 (English, translated from Korean by Hahm Chaibong).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Han : Ancient / Goryeo Era . 2010, p.  369 .
  2. ↑ a b c 강종 [ 康 宗 , 1152 ~ 1213]. In: Doopedia . Doosan Corporation . Retrieved November 11, 2019 (Korean).
  3. ↑ a b c Pettid, Mueller, Wall : Myŏngjong, King (r. 1170-1197) . In: Encyclopedia of Korea . 1999, p.  967 .
  4. ↑ Pettid, Mueller, Wall : Ch'oe Ch'unghŏn (1149 to 1219) . In: Encyclopedia of Korea . 1999, p.  125 .
  5. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  141 f .
personal data
SURNAME Gangjong
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wang 0
BRIEF DESCRIPTION 22. King of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo Dynasty
DATE OF BIRTH May 10, 1152
PLACE OF BIRTH Kaesŏng , Goryeo
DATE OF DEATH August 26, 1213
Place of death Kaesŏng , Goryeo