Munjong (Goryeo)
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Munjong |
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| Spelling of names | |
| Hangeul | 문종 |
| Hanja | 文宗 |
| Revised Romanization | Munjong |
| McCune-Reischauer | Munjong |
| Reign | |
| Reign of | 1046 |
| Reign until | 1083 |
| predecessor | King Jeongjong |
| successor | King Sunjong |
| Life dates | |
| Born on the | December 29, 1019 |
| place of birth | Kaesŏng , Goryeo |
| Birth Name | 왕휘 |
| Hanja | 王 徽 |
| Revised Romanization | Wang Hwi |
| McCune-Reischauer | Wang Hwi |
| father | King Hyeonjong ( 현종 ) |
| mother | Queen Wonhye of the Ansan Kim Clan ( 원혜 ) |
| Death dates | |
| Died on | September 2, 1083 |
| Place of death | Kaesŏng , Goryeo |
| Spouses, mistresses, offspring | |
| Woman (s) | Queen Inpyeong of the Ansan Kim Clan ( 인평 ) Queen Inye of the Incheon Lee Clan ( 인예 ) and three other ladies of the court |
| Sons | King Sunjong ( 순종 ) King Seonjong ( 선종 ) King Sukjong ( 숙종 ) Monk Uicheon ( 의천 ) and nine other sons |
| Daughters | two daughters |
King Munjong ( Korean 문종 ) (born December 29, 1019 in Kaesŏng , Kingdom of Goryeo , † September 2, 1083 in Kaesŏng, Goryeo) was the 11th King of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo Dynasty during his reign from 1046 to 1083 ( 고려 왕조 ) (918-1392).
Life
Munjong was the third son of King Hyeonjong ( 현종 ) and his mother was Wonhye ( 원혜 ), who came from the Ansan Kim clan. At his birth Munjong was given the name Wang Hwi ( 왕휘 ).
After the death of his half-brother King Jeongjong ( 정종 ) in 1046, Munjong succeeded him to the throne at the comparatively more mature age of 27. He successfully completed the political reforms begun by King Seongjong ( 성종 ) in 983 in 1076 and particularly promoted the education sector. Private academies were formed during his reign. One of the most famous academies of that time was the so-called nine-course academy of the Korean Confucian scholar Choe Chung ( 최충 ), who later, as a member of the government, particularly shaped the education sector of Goryeos. With the promotion of education Munjong strengthened not only Buddhism but also Confucianism in the empire. In terms of foreign policy, he pursued the goal of living in peace and friendship with the Song dynasty in the west, thereby promoting trade and cultural exchanges with his powerful neighbor. In his private life he was very interested in education and was considered a master of calligraphy .
Under King Munjong, a change of power took place among the powerful families who could each put the queens at court. While it was always the Ansan Kim Clan who provided the queen up to and including Munjong's first wife over four kings and over 50 years, Munjong, since he was childless with his first wife, switched to the Incheon Lee Clan, who took over the court dominated for more than 80 years. He married Inye ( 인예 ), who was the second queen to bear twelve children, ten sons and two daughters during his reign. All three successively born first sons of Munjong later became kings of the Goryeo empire themselves. Sunjong ( 순종 ) succeeded his father as the firstborn to the throne when he died in 1083. Seonjong ( 선종 ) followed as the second born in the same year after his brother's sudden death and Sukjong ( 숙종 ) ascended the throne after Seonjong's son King Heonjong died in 1097. King Munjong's fourth son from his marriage to Queen Inye ( 인예 ), who came from the Incheon Lee clan, was Uicheon ( 의천 ) (1055-1101), who later became a well-known and influential Buddhist monk . He took account of his father's wish that one of his sons should become a Buddhist monk, and during his lifetime he contributed to the reconciliation of the various Buddhist currents of those days in Goryeo. Munjong's sixth son Dosaeng ( 도생 ), who also became a monk, was banished to the island of Geojedo ( 거제도 ) off the south coast of Goryeo along with other monks during the political unrest of 1112 .
literature
- Ki-baik Lee : A New History of Korea . Harvard University Press , Seoul 1984, ISBN 0-674-61576-X (English, Chinese: 韓國 史 新 論 . 1961. Translated by Edward W. Wagner).
- Michael J. Pettid, Mark C. Mueller, Raymond F. Wall : Kang Kamch'an . In: Yang Hi Choe-Wall (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Korea . Australian National University , Canberra May 1999 (English).
- Han Young Woo : Ancient / Goryeo Era . In: A Review of Korean History . Volume 1 . Kyongsaewon Publishing Company , Pajubookcity, Gyeonggi-do 2010, ISBN 978-89-8341-091-7 (English, translated from Korean by Hahm Chaibong).
Web links
- 문종 [ 文宗 , 1019 ~ 1083]. In: Doopedia . Doosan Corporation,accessed November 4, 2019(Korean).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Han : Ancient / Goryeo Era . 2010, p. 369 .
- ↑ a b 문종 [ 文宗 , 1019 ~ 1083]. In: Doopedia . Doosan Corporation , accessed November 4, 2019 (Korean).
- ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p. 113 .
- ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p. 129 f .
- ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p. 111 .
- ↑ a b Pettid, Mueller, Wall : Kang Kamch'an . In: Encyclopedia of Korea . 1999, p. 765 .
- ↑ Pettid, Mueller, Wall : Kang Kamch'an . In: Encyclopedia of Korea . 1999, p. 96 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Munjong |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Wang Hwi |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | 11. King of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo Dynasty |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 29, 1019 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Kaesŏng , Goryeo |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 2, 1083 |
| Place of death | Kaesŏng , Goryeo |