Chunghye Wang

Chunghye Wang 28th King of the Goryeo Dynasty
Spelling of names
Hangeul	충혜왕
Hanja	忠 惠王
Revised Romanization	Chunghye Wang
McCune-Reischauer	Ch'unghye Wang
Reign
Reign of	1330/1339
Reign until	1332/1344
predecessor	King Chungsuk Wang
successor	King Chungmok Wang
Life dates
Born on the	February 22, 1315
place of birth	Kaesŏng , Goryeo
Birth Name	왕정
Hanja	王 禎
Revised Romanization	Wang Jeong
McCune-Reischauer	Wang Chŏng
father	King Chungsuk Wang ( 충숙왕 )
mother	Queen Gongwon of the Mongolian Namyang Hong Clan ( 공원 )
Death dates
Died on	January 30, 1344
Place of death	Yueyang , Hunan Province
tomb	Yeongneung, Kaesŏng , Goryeo
Spouses, mistresses, offspring
Woman (s)	Princess Deoknyeong of the Mongolian Borjigin clan ( 덕녕 ) Hee-Bi of the Papyeong Yun clan ( 희비 ) and two other ladies of the court
Sons	King Chungmok Wang ( 충목왕 ) King Chungjeong Wang ( 충정왕 ) and another son
Daughters	Princess Jangnyeong ( 장녕 )

King Chunghye Wang ( Korean 충혜왕 ) (born February 22, 1315 in Kaesŏng , Kingdom of Goryeo ; † January 30, 1344 in Yueyang , Hunan Province ) was the 28th king during his reign from 1330 to 1332 and after an interruption from 1339 to 1344 of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo Dynasty ( 고려 왕조 ) (918–1392).

Life

Chunghye Wang was the firstborn son of King Chungsuk Wang ( 충숙왕 ) and his first wife Queen Gongwon ( 공원 ), who came from the Mongolian Namyang Hong clan. At his birth, Chunghye was given the name Wang Jeong ( 왕정 ). King Chunghye Wang had five wives. From the marriage with Princess Deoknyeong ( 덕녕 ), who came from the Mongolian Borjigin clan, a son and a daughter were born. The son succeeded him as King Chungmok Wang ( 충목왕 ) on the throne. His second-born son, whom he had with the lady Hee-Bi ( 희비 ) of the Papyeong Yun clan, later succeeded his older brother as King Chungjeong Wang ( 충정왕 ). A third son remained untitled.

Chunghye Wang was sent as Crown Prince by his father according to the conditions after the lost war against the Mongols in the time of King Wonjong ( 원종 ) and the subsequent peace treaty to the Mongolian royal court for training and married there. Like his father, grandfather and great-grandfather before, he was appointed King of Shenyang ( 瀋陽 市 ) and was to rule Goryeo from there. The Mongol Empire wanted to secure control of Goryeo, but this led to disputes over the throne between Wang Ko ( 왕고 ), a nephew of King Chungseon Wang ( 충선왕 ) and King Chungsuk Wang ( 충숙왕 ) and himself.

When Chunghye's father, King Chungsuk Wang, returned to the court of Goryeo after five years' absence from his throne, there was a dispute in the royal family, which resulted in the retirement of Chunghye's father from the throne and Chungsuk Wang to succeed him in 1330 To become the throne. But his reign did not last long and was temporarily ended two years later by the ruler of the Yuan dynasty and his father reinstalled on the throne. When King Chungsuk Wang died in 1339, Chunghye's way to re-ascend the throne was finally clear.

There was a great famine in 1343 during the reign of King Chunghye. At the instigation of the Buddhist monk Hakseon , he then had the state's stocks of grain used to distribute the grain to the population in order to be able to satisfy hunger somewhat. This aid went down in Korean history as jin'geup and was the first time in Korea that the state helped the population with an aid program.

King Chunghye Wang died in January 1344 Yueyang in the province of Hunan , and was buried in Kaesong Koryo in Yeongneung.

Under the control of the Mongols

Like his father, grandfather, and great-grandfather, Chunghye and all men, from the king down to ordinary citizens, had to wear the Mongolian hair style in the Goryeo empire, in which the front hair was completely removed and a plait was worn on the back of the head has been. It was also compulsory to wear Mongolian clothing, to speak the Mongolian language and to send the young princes of the court to the Mongol Empire for training.

With Chungseon's great-grandfather, the duty of the kings to use Goryeo's Mongolian names began. As for previous kings, could now from 1274 the syllables jo ( 조 ) for progenitor and jong ( 종 ) for ancestors, a posthumous "temple name" to create the kings are not used more. Instead, the names of the kings had to be prefixed with chung ( 충 ) to express the spirit of loyalty to the Yuan dynasty. The addition wang ( 왕 ), as a symbol for king, had to be placed after the name.

With the power of the Mongols over the Goryeo empire, its kings were no longer independent rulers of their kingdom for almost 80 years, but were firmly integrated into the structure of the Yuan dynasty as sons-in-law. This only changed with King Gongmin Wang ( 공민왕 ), who managed to free Goryeo from the rule of the Mongols.

literature

• Ki-baik Lee : A New History of Korea . Harvard University Press , Seoul 1984, ISBN 0-674-61576-X (English, Chinese: 韓國 史 新 論 . 1961. Translated by Edward W. Wagner).
• Michael J. Pettid, Mark C. Mueller, Raymond F. Wall : Kang Kamch'an . In: Yang Hi Choe-Wall (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Korea . Australian National University , Canberra May 1999 (English).
• Han Young Woo : Ancient / Goryeo Era . In: A Review of Korean History . Volume 1 . Kyongsaewon Publishing Company , Pajubookcity, Gyeonggi-do 2010, ISBN 978-89-8341-091-7 (English, translated from Korean by Hahm Chaibong).
• Choe Namseon et al: A Collection of Modern Korean Buddhist Discourses . Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism , Seoul 2016, ISBN 978-89-7801-504-2 (English).

Web links

• 충혜왕 [ 忠 惠王 , 1315 ~ 1344]. In: Doopedia . Doosan Corporation.Retrieved November 16, 2019(Korean). 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Han : Ancient / Goryeo Era . 2010, p.  370 .
2. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  393 .
3. ↑ ^{a b} 충혜왕 [ 忠 惠王 , 1315 ~ 1344]. In: Doopedia . Doosan Corporation . Retrieved November 16, 2019 (Korean).  
4. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  155 f .
5. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  158 .
6. ↑ 충숙왕 [ 忠 肅 王 , 1294 ~ 1339]. In: Doopedia . Doosan Corporation . Retrieved November 16, 2019 (Korean).  
7. ↑ Namseon : A Collection of Modern Korean Buddhist Discourses . 2016, p.  392 .
8. ↑ Pettid, Mueller, Wall : Clothing . In: Encyclopedia of Korea . 1999, p.  260 f .
9. ^ ^{A b c} Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  156 .
10. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  161 .