Chungnyeol Wang

Chungnyeol Wang 25th King of the Goryeo Dynasty
Spelling of names
Hangeul	충렬왕
Hanja	忠烈 王
Revised Romanization	Chungnyeol Wang
McCune-Reischauer	Ch'ungnyǒl Wang
Reign
Reign of	1274
Reign until	1308
predecessor	King Wonjong
successor	King Chungseon Wang
Life dates
Born on the	April 3, 1236
place of birth	Kaesŏng , Goryeo
Birth Name	왕거
Hanja	王 昛
Revised Romanization	Wang Geo
McCune-Reischauer	Wang Kŏ
father	King Wonjong ( 원종 )
mother	Queen Jeongsun of the Gyeongju Kim Clan ( 정순 )
Death dates
Died on	July 30, 1308
Place of death	Kaesŏng , Goryeo
Spouses, mistresses, offspring
Woman (s)	Queen Jangmok of the Borjigin Clan ( 장목 ) Princess Jeongshin of the Kaesong Wang Clan ( 정신 ) and two other ladies of the court
Sons	King Chungseon Wang ( 충선왕 ) Prince Gangyang ( 강양 ) and one other sons
Daughters	Princess Jeongnyeong ( 정녕 ) Princess Myeongsun ( 명순 )

King Chungnyeol Wang ( Korean 충렬왕 ) (born April 3, 1236 in Kaesŏng , Kingdom of Goryeo , † July 30, 1308 in Kaesŏng, Goryeo) was the 25th king of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo dynasty during his reign from 1274 to 1308 ( 고려 왕조 ) (918-1392).

Life

Chungnyeol Wang was the firstborn son of King Wonjong ( 원종 ) and his Queen Jeongsun ( 정순 ), who came from the Gyeongju Kim clan. At his birth Chungnyeol was given the name Wang Geo ( 王 昛 ). In 1271 his father sent him to the court of the ruler of the Mongol Empire , where he was married. King Chungnyeol Wang was married to a total of two women, Queen Jangmok ( 장목 ), who came from the Mongolian Borjigin clan, and Princess Jeongshin ( 정신 ), who was from the Kaesong Wang clan. He and his first wife had a son who, after his death in 1308, succeeded him as King Chungseon Wang ( 충선왕 ) and 26th King of the Goryeo dynasty in line to the throne. With his second wife he had a son and two daughters who were made princes and princesses. With one of his concubines he had another son.

When Chungnyeol's father died in 1274, Chungnyeol was still a prince in the capital of Manchuria, where he was made King of Shenyang ( 瀋陽 市 ) and was to rule Goryeo from there. The Mongol Empire wanted to secure control over Goryeo, which later led to disputes over the throne between Wang Ko ( 왕고 ), a nephew of King Chungseon Wang ( 충선왕 ) and King Chungsuk Wang ( 충숙왕 ) and later King Chunghye Wang ( 충혜왕 ) led.

During the reign of King Chungnyeol, Confucianism got more attention and importance again, which led to the national academy Gukhak ( 국학 ) and the national shrine Munmyo ( 문묘 ) being restored and students there supported. Chinese classics and history were in the foreground in the curriculum. King Chungnyeol's son Chungseon Wang was specially trained in Chinese and later spent a large part of his life in the capital of the Yuan dynasty , where he developed close relationships with local scholars.

King Chungnyeol died in 1308. His son, who succeeded him to the throne, spent almost his entire reign of five years in the capital of the Yuan dynasty until he was deposed in 1313.

Under the control of the Mongols

King Chungnyeol Wang was the first king of the Goryeo dynasty, who had to marry a Mongolian princess after Goryeo's lost wars against the Mongols and the subsequent peace treaty that demanded the subjugation of the empire to the rule of the Mongol empire. Also, all men, beginning with King Chungnyeol Wang and beginning with the King and down to ordinary citizens, had to wear the Mongolian hair style, in which the front hair was completely removed and a plait was worn on the back of the head. It was also compulsory to wear Mongolian clothing, to speak the Mongolian language and to send the young princes of the court to the Mongol Empire for training.

With King Chungnyeol Wang the duty of kings Goryeos to use Mongolian names began. As happened for earlier kings, the syllables jo (kor .: 조 , chin .: 祖 ) for ancestor and jong (kor .: 종 , chin .: 宗 ) for ancestors were allowed to create a posthumous temple name for the kings can no longer be used. Instead, the names of the kings had to be prefixed with chung (Kor .: 충 , Chin .: 忠 ) to express the spirit of loyalty to the Yuan dynasty. The addition wang ( 王 ), as a symbol for king, had to be placed after the name.

With the power of the Mongols over the Goryeo Empire, its kings were no longer independent rulers of their kingdom for almost 80 years, but were firmly integrated into the structure of the Yuan dynasty as sons-in-law. This only changed with King Gongmin Wang ( 공민왕 ), who managed to free Goryeo from the rule of the Mongols.

literature

• Ki-baik Lee : A New History of Korea . Harvard University Press , Seoul 1984, ISBN 0-674-61576-X (English, Chinese: 韓國 史 新 論 . 1961. Translated by Edward W. Wagner).
• Michael J. Pettid, Mark C. Mueller, Raymond F. Wall : Kang Kamch'an . In: Yang Hi Choe-Wall (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Korea . Australian National University , Canberra May 1999 (English).
• Michael J. Seth : A Concise History of Korea . From the Neolithic Period through the Nineteenth Century . Rowman & Littlefield Publishers , Lanham, Mayland 2006, ISBN 978-0-7425-4005-7 (English).
• Han Young Woo : Ancient / Goryeo Era . In: A Review of Korean History . Volume 1 . Kyongsaewon Publishing Company , Pajubookcity, Gyeonggi-do 2010, ISBN 978-89-8341-091-7 (English, translated from Korean by Hahm Chaibong).

Web links

• 충렬왕 [ 忠烈 王 , 1236 ~ 1308]. In: Doopedia . Doosan Corporation.Retrieved November 14, 2019(Korean). 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Han : Ancient / Goryeo Era . 2010, p.  370 .
2. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  393 .
3. ↑ 충렬왕 [ 忠烈 王 , 1236 ~ 1308]. In: Doopedia . Doosan Corporation . Retrieved November 14, 2019 (Korean).  
4. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  158 .
5. ^ ^{A b} Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  165 f .
6. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  155 f .
7. ↑ Pettid, Mueller, Wall : Clothing . In: Encyclopedia of Korea . 1999, p.  260 f .
8. ^ ^{A b c} Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  156 .
9. ^ Keith Pratt, Richard Rutt: Korea. A Historical and Cultural Dictionary . Routledge, London; New York 1999, ISBN 978-1-136-79393-6 , pp. 244 .
10. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  161 .