Seongjong (Goryeo)

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Seongjong
6th King of the Goryeo Dynasty

Spelling of names
Hangeul 성종
Hanja 成 宗
Revised Romanization Seongjong
McCune-Reischauer Sŏngjong
Reign
Reign of 981
Reign until 997
predecessor King Gyeongjong
successor King Mokjong
Life dates
Born on the January 15, 961
place of birth Songak , Goryeo
Birth Name 왕치
Hanja 王治
Revised Romanization Wang Chi
McCune-Reischauer Wang Chi
father Dejeong ( 대종 )
Wang Uk ( 왕욱 )
mother Seonui ( 선의 )
Death dates
Died on November 29, 997
Place of death Kaesŏng , Goryeo
Spouses, mistresses, offspring
Woman (s) Queen Mundeok ( 문덕 )
Queen Munhwa ( 문화 )
and another lady of the court
Sons no son
Daughters three daughters
Remarks
Grandson of King Taejo , the founder of Goryeo and the Goryeo dynasty

King Seongjong ( Korean 성종 ) (born January 15, 961 in Kaesŏng , Kingdom of Goryeo ; † November 29, 997 in Kaesŏng, Goryeo) was during his reign from 981 to 997 the 6th king of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo Dynasty ( 고려 왕조 ) (918-1392).

Life

Seongjong was the son of Dejeong ( 대종 ), the 7th son of King Taejo ( 태조 ), the founder of Goryeo and the Goryeo dynasty and his 4th wife Queen Shinjeong ( 신정 ). Seongjong's mother was Seonui ( 선의 ). At his birth he was given the name Wang Chi ( 왕치 ).

Seongjong succeeded King Gyeongjong's ( 경종 ) throne at the age of 21 when he died in 981. He inherited neglected state business and a failed state reform, which is why he relied on the view of Confucian scholars such as Choe Seungno ( 최승로 ) after taking office . Under Seongjong, state officials were sent to the provinces for the first time to head the local administration. He thereby contributed to the installation of a functioning system of local administration. He also tried to involve as many people of the local upper class as possible in the aristocracy of the seat of government and to educate their children and heed attentively the opinions and positions of his aristocratic officials, who were very familiar with Chinese knowledge. King Seongjong laid the foundation for a functioning aristocratic order in the Goryeo empire.

The new political structure in the empire began to form in 983 and was completed in 1076 under King Munjong ( 문종 ) (1046-1083). King Seongjong also restructured the military forces and had six divisions developed in 995 with different tasks, which were called: Chwauwi ( 촤 우위 ) (left and right), Sinhowi ( 신호 위 ) (Divine Tiger), Heunwiwi ( 흔 위위 ) (Striking Elite), Geumowi ( 금위 ) (Internal Security), Cheonuwi ( 천 우위 ) (Thousand Cops), Gammunwi ( 감문 위 ) (Capital Guard ). The first three divisions represented the core of Goryeo's armed forces. The Internal Security Division was intended to secure state power internally and the Thousand Bulls Division was intended for state ceremonies. The capital guard secured the palace, government buildings and city gates of the capital.

Seonhjong took further steps to consolidate state power by, among other things, creating a Finance Commission (Samsa 삼사 ) for financial matters, the Hallim Academy for drafting royal edicts, and the Eosadae ( 어사대 ), a supervisory authority for controlling the conduct of Officials founded.

In the field of education, King Seongjong succeeded the state founder Taejo and founded the Gukchagam ( 국 차감 ) in 992, the first national university of the Goryeo Empire, which later under King Injong ( 인종 ) (1122–1146) divided into six departments, the Gukchahak ( 국 차학 ) (University College), Taehak ( 태학 ) (University College), Samunhak ( 사 문학 ) (Four Portals College), Yurhak ( 율학 ) (College of Law), Soehak ( 서학 ) (College of Calligraphy) and Sanhak ( 산학 ) (College of Bookkeeping). Under King Seongjong, the educational system initially concentrated on the main estate of the empire, which meant that students had to come to the capital from all parts of the country. It was only after this system failed that Seongjong sent scholars of classical subjects to other parts of the country to teach students there.

literature

  • Ki-baik Lee : A New History of Korea . Harvard University Press , Seoul 1984, ISBN 0-674-61576-X (English, Chinese: 韓國 史 新 論 . 1961. Translated by Edward W. Wagner).
  • John B. Duncan : The Origins of the Choson Dynasty . University of Washington Press , Seattle, London 2000, ISBN 978-0-295-99379-9 (English).
  • Michael J. Seth : A Concise History of Korea . From the Neolithic Period through the Nineteenth Century . Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. , Oxford 2006, ISBN 978-0-7425-4005-7 (English).
  • Han Young Woo : Ancient / Goryeo Era . In: A Review of Korean History . Volume 1 . Kyongsaewon Publishing Company , Pajubookcity, Gyeonggi-do 2010, ISBN 978-89-8341-091-7 (English, translated from Korean by Hahm Chaibong).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Han : Ancient / Goryeo Era . 2010, p.  369 .
  2. ↑ 성종 [ 成 宗 , 960 ~ 997]. In: Doopedia . Doosan Corporation . Retrieved November 3, 2019 (Korean).
  3. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  110 .
  4. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  113 .
  5. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  117 .
  6. ^ Seth : A Concise History of Korea . 2006, p.  78 .
  7. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  119 f .
  8. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  120 .
personal data
SURNAME Seongjong
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wang Chi
BRIEF DESCRIPTION 6. King of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo Dynasty
DATE OF BIRTH January 15, 961
PLACE OF BIRTH Songak , Goryeo
DATE OF DEATH November 29, 997
Place of death Kaesŏng , Goryeo