Chungseon Wang

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chungseon Wang
26th King of the Goryeo Dynasty

Spelling of names
Hangeul 충선왕
Hanja 忠 宣王
Revised Romanization Chungseon Wang
McCune-Reischauer Ch'ungsǒn Wang
Reign
Reign of 1308
Reign until 1313
predecessor King Chungnyeol Wang
successor King Chungsuk Wang
Life dates
Born on the October 20, 1275
place of birth Kaesŏng , Goryeo
Birth Name 왕장
Hanja 王 璋
Revised Romanization Wang Jang
McCune-Reischauer Wang Chang
father King Chungnyeol Wang ( 충렬왕 )
mother Queen Jangmok of the Mongol Borjigin clan ( 장목 )
Death dates
Died on June 23, 1325
Place of death Beijing , Mongol Empire
Spouses, mistresses, offspring
Woman (s) Queen Gyeguk of the Mongolian Borjigin clan ( 계국 )
Ui-Bi ( 의비 )
and five other ladies of the court
Sons Prince Gwangreung ( 광릉 )
King Chungsuk Wang ( 충숙왕 )
Prince Deokheung ( 덕흥 )

King Chungseon Wang ( Korean 충선왕 ) (born October 20, 1275 in Kaesŏng , Kingdom of Goryeo ; † June 23, 1325 in Beijing , Mongolian Empire ) was the 26th king of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo during his reign from 1308 to 1313 Dynasty ( 고려 왕조 ) (918–1392).

Life

Chungseon Wang was the firstborn son of King Chungnyeol Wang ( 충렬왕 ) and his Queen Jangmok ( 장목 ), who came from the Mongolian Borjigin clan. At his birth, Chungseon was given the name Wang Jang ( 왕장 ). King Chungseon Wang was married to Queen Gyeguk ( 계국 ), who came from the Mongolian Borjigin clan. There were no children from their marriage. He also had six other women at court. With Ui-Bi, who did not come from the Mongolian royal court but was Mongolian, he had two sons, of whom the second son later became King Chungsuk Wang ( 충숙왕 ), the 27th king of the Goryeo dynasty in the line of succession. King Chungseon Wang had another son, who was made prince, with a lady of the court whose name has not been recorded.

As crown prince, Chungseon Wang was sent to the Mongolian royal court for training and married there, in accordance with the conditions following the lost war against the Mongols and the subsequent peace treaty. As happened to his father before, he was appointed king of Shenyang ( 瀋陽 市 ) there and was supposed to rule Goryeo from there. The Mongol Empire wanted to secure control of Goryeo, which later led to disputes over the throne between Wang Ko ( 왕고 ), a nephew of King Chungseon Wang and King Chungsuk Wang, and later King Chunghye Wang ( 충혜왕 ).

In 1291, Chungseon was appointed crown prince by the Yuan dynasty , murdered 40 people at Goryeo's court, succeeded his father from the throne in early 1296, confiscated large amounts of land and distributed it to the people. He took care of the military system and took an independent stance on the Yuan Dynasty. After only seven months, Chungseon was deposed and ordered back to Beijing.

When Chungseon's father died in 1308 and he finally succeeded him on the throne, many people missed him as king in the Goryeo Empire, because he preferred to reside almost exclusively in Beijing ( 北京 ). After five years he had to hand over the throne to his son King Chungsuk Wang and remained in Beijing for the rest of his life, where he died in May 1325.

Under the control of the Mongols

Just like his father, Chungseon Wang and all men, from the king down to ordinary citizens in the Gorgeo Empire, had to wear the Mongolian hair style, in which the front hair was completely removed and a braided pigtail was worn on the back of the head. It was also compulsory to wear Mongolian clothing, to speak the Mongolian language and to send the young princes of the court to the Mongol Empire for training.

With Chungseon Wang's father, the duty of the kings to use Goryeo's Mongolian name began. As happened for earlier kings, from 1274 onwards the syllables jo ( 조 ) for ancestor and jong ( 종 ) for ancestors were no longer allowed to create a posthumous "temple name" for the kings. Instead, the names of the kings had to be prefixed with chung ( 충 ) to express the spirit of loyalty to the Yuan dynasty. The addition wang ( 왕 ), as a symbol for king, had to be placed after the name.

With the power of the Mongols over the Goryeo empire, its kings were no longer independent rulers of their kingdom for almost 80 years, but were firmly integrated into the structure of the Yuan dynasty as sons-in-law. This only changed with King Gongmin Wang ( 공민왕 ), who managed to free Goryeo from the rule of the Mongols.

literature

  • Ki-baik Lee : A New History of Korea . Harvard University Press , Seoul 1984, ISBN 0-674-61576-X (English, Chinese: 韓國 史 新 論 . 1961. Translated by Edward W. Wagner).
  • Michael J. Pettid, Mark C. Mueller, Raymond F. Wall : Kang Kamch'an . In: Yang Hi Choe-Wall (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Korea . Australian National University , Canberra May 1999 (English).
  • Han Young Woo : Ancient / Goryeo Era . In: A Review of Korean History . Volume 1 . Kyongsaewon Publishing Company , Pajubookcity, Gyeonggi-do 2010, ISBN 978-89-8341-091-7 (English, translated from Korean by Hahm Chaibong).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d 충선왕 [ 忠 宣王 , 1275 ~ 1325]. In: Doopedia . Doosan Corporation . Retrieved November 15, 2019 (Korean).
  2. ↑ Han : Ancient / Goryeo Era . 2010, p.  370 .
  3. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  393 .
  4. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  155 f .
  5. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  158 .
  6. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  166 .
  7. ↑ Pettid, Mueller, Wall : Clothing . In: Encyclopedia of Korea . 1999, p.  260 f .
  8. ^ A b c Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  156 .
  9. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  161 .
personal data
SURNAME Chungseon Wang
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wang Jang
BRIEF DESCRIPTION 26. King of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo Dynasty
DATE OF BIRTH October 20, 1275
PLACE OF BIRTH Kaesŏng , Goryeo
DATE OF DEATH June 23, 1325
Place of death Beijing , Mongol Empire