Wonjong

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Wonjong
24th King of the Goryeo Dynasty

Spelling of names
Hangeul 원종
Hanja 元 宗
Revised Romanization Wonjong
McCune-Reischauer Wonjong
Reign
Reign of 1259
Reign until 1274
predecessor King Gojong
successor King Chungnyeol Wang
Life dates
Born on the April 5, 1219
place of birth Kaesŏng , Goryeo
Birth Name 왕정
Hanja 王 禎
Revised Romanization Wang Jeong
McCune-Reischauer Wang Chŏng
father King Gojong ( 고종 )
mother Queen Anhye of the Kaesong Wang Clan ( 안혜 )
Death dates
Died on July 23, 1274
Place of death Kaesŏng , Goryeo
Spouses, mistresses, offspring
Woman (s) Queen Jeongsun of the Gyeongju Kim Clan ( 정순 )
Princess Gyeongchang of the Kaesong Wang Clan ( 경창 )
Sons King Chungnyeol Wang ( 충렬왕 )
Prince Siyang ( 시양 )
Prince Sunan ( 순안 )
Daughters Princess Gyeongan ( 경안 )
Princess Hamnyeon ( 함녕 )

King Wonjong ( Korean 원종 ) (born April 5, 1219 in Kaesŏng , Kingdom of Goryeo ; † July 23, 1274 in Kaesŏng, Goryeo) was the 24th King of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo Dynasty during his reign from 1259 to 1274 ( 고려 왕조 ) (918-1392).

Life

Wonjong was the firstborn son of King Gojong ( 고종 ) and his queen Anhye ( 안혜 ), who came from the Kaesong Wang clan. Wonjong was given the name Wang Jeong ( 왕정 ) when he was born . King Wonjong was married to two women, Queen Jeongsun ( 정순 ), who came from Gyeongju Kim, and Princess Gyeongchang ( 경창 ), who was from the Kaesong Wang clan. He and his first wife had a son who, after his death in 1274, succeeded him as King Chungnyeol Wang ( 충렬왕 ) and 25th king of the Goryeo dynasty in the line of succession. With his second wife, he had two sons and two daughters who were named princes and princesses.

Wonjong experienced the attacks of the Mongols on the Goryeo Empire from the age of twelve and grew up with the fact that his father King Gojong was not really the ruler of the empire, but his fortunes from the military dictatorship of the Choe family, starting with General Choe Chung-heon ( 최충헌 ), through his son Choe U ( 최우 ) as successor and his son Choe Ui ( 최 의 ). The power of the Choe family came to an end with the Mongol invasions and the assassination of Choe Ui in 1258. The following year, King Gojong, who quickly regained power, sent his son to the Mongols to plead for peace. After the peace treaty was concluded and King Gojong died in July 1259, Wonjong succeeded him to the throne. From then on, his main task was to defend and enforce the peace treaty within his empire. He found support among the scholars and the aristocracy, but resistance from the military, especially when King Wonjong moved the capital from the island of Ganghwado ( 강화도 ) back to Kaesŏng in 1270 . In order to assert and consolidate his power over the resisting military, who in turn installed a king on the fortress on Ganghwado Island, he called on the Mongol army. The resistant military fled to Jejudo Island ( 제주도 ), where they were finally defeated by the Mongols in 1273.

The price for the peace treaty between Goryeo and the Mongol Empire was for the kings of the Goryeo dynasty to marry Mongolian princesses in the future, to send their princes who had emerged from their marriages to the court of the Mongols for training, even at court with Mongolian clothes and hairstyle and to use Mongolian names for the kings in addition to the Mongolian language. King Wonjong started this by marrying his firstborn son to a daughter of the Mongolian ruler Kublai Khan .

King Wonjong died in 1274. His tomb is unknown.

literature

  • Ki-baik Lee : A New History of Korea . Harvard University Press , Seoul 1984, ISBN 0-674-61576-X (English, Chinese: 韓國 史 新 論 . 1961. Translated by Edward W. Wagner).
  • Michael J. Pettid, Mark C. Mueller, Raymond F. Wall : Kang Kamch'an . In: Yang Hi Choe-Wall (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Korea . Australian National University , Canberra May 1999 (English).
  • Michael J. Seth : A Concise History of Korea . From the Neolithic Period through the Nineteenth Century . Rowman & Littlefield Publishers , Lanham, Mayland 2006, ISBN 978-0-7425-4005-7 (English).
  • Han Young Woo : Ancient / Goryeo Era . In: A Review of Korean History . Volume 1 . Kyongsaewon Publishing Company , Pajubookcity, Gyeonggi-do 2010, ISBN 978-89-8341-091-7 (English, translated from Korean by Hahm Chaibong).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Han : Ancient / Goryeo Era . 2010, p.  370 .
  2. ↑ 원종 [ 元 宗 , 1219 ~ 1274]. In: Doopedia . Doosan Corporation . Retrieved November 13, 2019 (Korean).
  3. ↑ Pettid, Mueller, Wall : Ch'oe Ch'unghŏn (1149 to 1219) . In: Encyclopedia of Korea . 1999, p.  125 f .
  4. ↑ Pettid, Mueller, Wall : (? -1249) Ch'oe U . In: Encyclopedia of Korea . 1999, p.  138 f .
  5. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  150 f .
  6. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  15th f. ff .
  7. ^ Seth : A Concise History of Korea . 2006, p.  107 f .
personal data
SURNAME Wonjong
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wang Jeong
BRIEF DESCRIPTION 24. King of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo Dynasty
DATE OF BIRTH April 5, 1219
PLACE OF BIRTH Kaesŏng , Goryeo
DATE OF DEATH July 23, 1274
Place of death Kaesŏng , Goryeo