Mokjong

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Mokjong
7th King of the Goryeo Dynasty

Spelling of names
Hangeul 목종
Hanja 穆宗
Revised Romanization Mokjong
McCune-Reischauer Mokchong
Reign
Reign of 997
Reign until 1009
predecessor King Seongjong
successor King Hyeonjong
Life dates
Born on the July 5th 980
place of birth Kaesŏng , Goryeo
Birth Name 왕송
Hanja 王 訟
Revised Romanization Wang Song
McCune-Reischauer Wang Song
father King Gyeongjong ( 경종 )
mother Queen Heonae of the Kaeseong Wang Clan ( 헌애 )
Death dates
Died on March 2, 1009
Place of death Goryeo
Spouses, mistresses, offspring
Woman (s) Queen Seonjeong of the Chungju Yu Clan ( 선정 )
Yoseok of the Kim Clan ( 요석 )
Sons no son
Daughters no daughter

King Mokjong ( Korean 목종 ) (* July 5, 980 in Kaesŏng , Kingdom of Goryeo , † March 2, 1009 in Kaesŏng, Goryeo) was the 7th king of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo Dynasty during his reign from 997 to 1009 ( 고려 왕조 ) (918-1392).

Life

Mokjong was the firstborn son of King Gyeongjong ( 경종 ) and his wife Queen Heonae ( 헌애 ), who came from the Kaeseong Wang clan ( 계성 왕 ). At his birth he was given the name Wang Song ( 왕송 ).

Mokjong took the throne after King Seongjong ( 성종 ) died at the age of 17. In the first year of his reign he carried out land reform. Based on the ranking system for civil servants introduced by his predecessor, King Seongjong, three years earlier, he assigned land to his servants according to 18 different salary levels or classes. They received their salaries from the land that was allocated in this way, but the land leases were collected and administered by the state and direct collections by the officials were prevented. Farming families could also come ashore in this way, provided they took part in military service. When a landed civil servant died, the land reverted to the state. The newly introduced land law prevented aristocratic families from accumulating land rights and later inheriting them to their descendants.

In the 10th year of King Mokjong's reign (1007), the important Buddhist canonical script, Bohyeopindaranigyeong ( 보협인 다라니경 , 寶 篋 印 陀羅尼 經 ) was reproduced in the Chongjisa Temple ( 총 지사 ). The sutra is one of the oldest wooden panel prints from the Goryeo period that have survived.

At the end of his reign, the Goryeo empire in the northwest was threatened by the Khitan emperor of the Liao dynasty Shengzong ( 遼 聖宗 ). When King Mokjong was overthrown in the spring of 1009 for intrigue and corruption and was to be sent into exile in Chungju , he was murdered by the influential military commander of the north-western command of the Goryeo Empire, Gang Jo ( 강조 ). The masterminds behind his disempowerment were his mother and family members by marriage. Gang also eliminated the rival Kim Chi-yang faction in the empire, thus ensuring a change of power and the enthronement of King Hyeonjong ( 현종 ). Gang supported the military power of Emperor Shengzong, was himself killed and King Hyeonjong had to leave Kaesŏng ( 개성 ) after the invasion of Shengzong's troops and flee to Naju ( 나주 ) in the southwest of the country.

The location of King Mokjong's tomb is not known.

literature

  • Ki-baik Lee : A New History of Korea . Harvard University Press , Seoul 1984, ISBN 0-674-61576-X (English, Chinese: 韓國 史 新 論 . 1961. Translated by Edward W. Wagner).
  • Kenneth B. Lee, Kong-bok Yi : Korea and East Asia: The Story of Phoenix . Praeger Publishers , Westport, Connecticut 1997, ISBN 978-0-275-95823-7 (English).
  • Michael J. Pettid, Mark C. Mueller, Raymond F. Wall : Kang Kamch'an . In: Yang Hi Choe-Wall (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Korea . Australian National University , Canberra May 1999 (English).
  • Hiyoul Kim: Korean History: An introduction to Korean history from prehistory to modern times . Asgard Verlag, St. Augustin 2004, ISBN 3-537-82040-2 .
  • Han Young Woo : Ancient / Goryeo Era . In: A Review of Korean History . Volume 1 . Kyongsaewon Publishing Company , Pajubookcity, Gyeonggi-do 2010, ISBN 978-89-8341-091-7 (English, translated from Korean by Hahm Chaibong).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Han : Ancient / Goryeo Era . 2010, p.  369 .
  2. ↑ 목종 [ 穆宗 , 980 ~ 1009]. In: Doopedia . Doosan Corporation . Retrieved November 3, 2019 (Korean).
  3. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  120 .
  4. ↑ Kim: Korean History . 2004, p. 69 .
  5. ↑ 보협인 다라니경 ( 寶 篋 印 陀羅尼 經 ). The Acadamy of Korean Studies , accessed November 3, 2019 (Korean).
  6. ↑ Woo Jin-woong: The Culture of the Movable Metal Printing Method in Goryeo . In: Light from the Far East, Jikji II . Cheongju Early Printing Museum , Cheongju-si 2018, II. The Goryeo Dynasty in the prime of its printing culture, p. 14 .
  7. ^ Lee, Yi : Korea and East Asia: The Story of Phoenix . 1997, p.  59 .
  8. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  126 .
  9. ↑ Pettid, Mueller, Wall : Kang Kamch'an . In: Encyclopedia of Korea . 1999, p.  656 .
personal data
SURNAME Mokjong
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wang Song
BRIEF DESCRIPTION 7. King of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo Dynasty
DATE OF BIRTH July 5th 980
PLACE OF BIRTH Kaesŏng , Goryeo
DATE OF DEATH March 2, 1009
Place of death Goryeo