Chungsuk Wang

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Chungsuk Wang
27th King of the Goryeo Dynasty

Spelling of names
Hangeul 충숙왕
Hanja 忠 肅 王
Revised Romanization Chungsuk Wang
McCune-Reischauer Ch'ungsuk Wang
Reign
Reign of 1313/1332
Reign until 1330/1339
predecessor King Chungseon Wang
successor King Chunghye Wang
Life dates
Born on the July 30, 1294
place of birth Kaesŏng , Goryeo
Birth Name 왕도
Hanja 王 燾
Revised Romanization Wang Do
McCune-Reischauer Wang Do
father King Chungseon Wang ( 충선왕 )
mother Ui-Bi ( 의비 )
Death dates
Died on May 3, 1339
Place of death Kaesŏng , Goryeo
Spouses, mistresses, offspring
Woman (s) Queen Gongwon of the Mongolian Namyang Hong Clan ( 공원 )
three princesses and one other lady of the court
Sons King Chunghye Wang ( 충혜왕 )
King Gongmin Wang ( 공민왕 )
Prince Yongsan ( 용산 )

King Chungsuk Wang ( Korean 충숙왕 ) (born July 30, 1294 in Kaesŏng , Kingdom of Goryeo ; † May 3, 1339 in Kaesŏng, Goryeo) was during his reign from 1313 to 1330 and after an interruption from 1332 to 1339 the 27th king of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo Dynasty ( 고려 왕조 ) (918–1392).

Life

Chungsuk Wang was the second-born son of King Chungseon Wang ( 충선왕 ) and his second wife Ui-Bi ( 의비 ), who was of Mongolian descent but did not come from any royal lineage. When he was born, Chungsuk was given the name Wang Do ( 왕도 ). King Chungsuk Wang was married to Queen Gongwon ( 공원 ), who came from the Mongolian Namyang Hong clan. Their marriage resulted in two sons. His first-born son succeeded him to the throne as King Chunghye Wang ( 충혜왕 ) and his second-born son ascended the throne three generations later as King Gongmin Wang ( 공민왕 ) and became Goryeo's 31st heir to the throne. King Chungsuk Wang had three other wives who had princess status and one other lady of the court. One of these relationships resulted in another son who was made prince at court.

As crown prince, Chungsuk Wang was sent to the Mongolian royal court for training and married there, in accordance with the conditions after the lost war against the Mongols in the time of King Wonjong ( 원종 ) and the subsequent peace treaty. Like his father and grandfather before, he was appointed King of Shenyang ( 瀋陽 市 ) and was to rule Goryeo from there. The Mongol Empire wanted to secure control over Goryeo, but this led to disputes over the throne between Wang Ko ( 왕고 ), a nephew of King Chungseon Wang and King Chunghye Wang ( 충혜왕 ) and himself.

After Chungsuk Wang ascended the Goryeo throne after his father's death in 1313, he stayed in the Yuan Dynasty for five years before returning to his court. But the disputes in his family were great, which ultimately led him to hand over the throne to his son Chunghye Wang in 1330 and return to the Mongol Empire . In 1332, his son was deposed and King Chungsuk Wang regained control of the Goryeo Empire.

King Chungsuk Wang died in May 1339. The location of his grave is not known.

Under the control of the Mongols

Like his father and grandfather, Chungsuk and all men, from the king down to ordinary citizens in the Gorgeo Empire, had to wear the Mongolian hair style, in which the front hair was completely removed and a plait was worn on the back of the head. It was also compulsory to wear Mongolian clothing, to speak the Mongolian language and to send the young princes of the court to the Mongol Empire for training.

With Chungseon's grandfather, the duty of the kings to use Goryeo's Mongolian name began. As happened for earlier kings, from 1274 onwards the syllables jo ( 조 ) for ancestor and jong ( 종 ) for ancestors were no longer allowed to create a posthumous "temple name" for the kings. Instead, the names of the kings had to be prefixed with chung ( 충 ) to express the spirit of loyalty to the Yuan dynasty. The addition wang ( 왕 ), as a symbol for king, had to be placed after the name.

With the power of the Mongols over the Goryeo empire, its kings were no longer independent rulers of their kingdom for almost 80 years, but were firmly integrated into the structure of the Yuan dynasty as sons-in-law. This only changed with King Gongmin Wang ( 공민왕 ), who managed to free Goryeo from the rule of the Mongols.

literature

  • Ki-baik Lee : A New History of Korea . Harvard University Press , Seoul 1984, ISBN 0-674-61576-X (English, Chinese: 韓國 史 新 論 . 1961. Translated by Edward W. Wagner).
  • Michael J. Pettid, Mark C. Mueller, Raymond F. Wall : Kang Kamch'an . In: Yang Hi Choe-Wall (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Korea . Australian National University , Canberra May 1999 (English).
  • Han Young Woo : Ancient / Goryeo Era . In: A Review of Korean History . Volume 1 . Kyongsaewon Publishing Company , Pajubookcity, Gyeonggi-do 2010, ISBN 978-89-8341-091-7 (English, translated from Korean by Hahm Chaibong).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Han : Ancient / Goryeo Era . 2010, p.  370 .
  2. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  393 .
  3. ↑ a b 충숙왕 [ 忠 肅 王 , 1294 ~ 1339]. In: Doopedia . Doosan Corporation . Retrieved November 13, 2019 (Korean).
  4. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  155 f .
  5. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  158 .
  6. ↑ Pettid, Mueller, Wall : Clothing . In: Encyclopedia of Korea . 1999, p.  260 f .
  7. ^ A b c Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  156 .
  8. ^ Lee : A New History of Korea . 1984, p.  161 .
personal data
SURNAME Chungsuk Wang
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wang Do
BRIEF DESCRIPTION 27. King of the Goryeo Empire and the Goryeo Dynasty
DATE OF BIRTH July 30, 1294
PLACE OF BIRTH Kaesŏng , Goryeo
DATE OF DEATH May 3, 1339
Place of death Kaesŏng , Goryeo