Kallikrein
| Kallikrein-1 | ||
|---|---|---|
|
||
| Belt model according to PDB 1SPJ | ||
| Properties of human protein | ||
| Mass / length primary structure | 238 amino acids | |
| Identifier | ||
| Gene name | KLK1 | |
| External IDs | ||
| Enzyme classification | ||
| EC, category | 3.4.21.35 , serine protease | |
| MEROPS | S01.160 | |
| Response type | Highly selective hydrolysis | |
| Substrate | Kininogen | |
| Products | Kallidin | |
| Occurrence | ||
| Homology family | Trypsin | |
| Parent taxon | Creature | |
Kallikrein is an endogenous hormone that has a vasodilatory effect, among other things. It is a serine protease , i.e. an enzyme that contains the amino acid serine in its active center and is able to cleave proteins. Kallikrein converts inactive precursors of tissue hormones into their active form. In this case, the precursors are so-called kininogens, the active forms are called kinins .
Kallikrein is found in the salivary glands , pancreas and kidneys as glandular kallikrein. The inactive precursor prekallikrein is present in the blood plasma , which in turn is proteatically cleaved by the activated blood coagulation factor XII ( Hageman factor ) and converted into active kallikrein. As an endogenous activator of plasminogen, it is involved in fibrinolysis . The kallikrein and kininen system works in a similar way to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and plays a role in blood pressure regulation , electrolyte and water homeostasis, and inflammatory processes. A total of 15 subtypes are known. Some subtypes are of diagnostic interest as tumor markers .
Kallikrein was discovered by the surgeon Emil Karl Frey .
literature
- Giorgio Raspi: Kallikrein and kallikrein-like proteinases: purification and determination by chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. In: Journal of Chromatography B . 684, 1996, pp. 265-287, doi: 10.1016 / 0378-4347 (96) 00144-2 .
- JM Lamdin et al .: The venomous hair structure, venom and life cycle of Logoa crispata, a puss caterpillar of Oklahoma. In: Toxicon . 38, 2000, pp. 1163-1189, PMID 10736472 .
- KD Bhoola, CD Figueroa, K. Worthy: Bioregulation of kinins: kallikreins, kininogens, and kininases. In: Pharmacological Reviews . 44, 1992, pp. 1-80, PMID 1313585 .
- Stefan Offermanns, Walter Rosenthal: Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology. Springer, 2008, ISBN 978-3-540-38916-3 , p. 673.
- B. Giusti, S. Serrati, F. Margheri, L. Papucci, L. Rossi, F. Poggi, A. Magi, A. Del Rosso, M. Cinelli, S. Guiducci, B. Kahaleh, M. Matucci-Cerinic , R. Abbate, G. Fibbi, M. Del Rosso: The antiangiogenic tissue kallikrein pattern of endothelial cells in systemic sclerosis. In: Arthritis Rheum 52 (11), Nov 2005, pp. 3618-3628. doi: 10.1002 / art.21383 . PMID 16255054 .
- IP Michael, G. Pampalakis, SD Mikolajczyk, J. Malm, G. Sotiropoulou, EP Diamandis: Human tissue kallikrein 5 is a member of a proteolytic cascade pathway involved in seminal clot liquefaction and potentially in prostate cancer progression. In: J Biol Chem 281 (18), May 2006, pp. 12743-12750. doi: 10.1074 / jbc.M600326200 . PMID 16517595 .
- N. Emami, EP Diamandis: Human kallikrein-related peptidase 14 (KLK14) is a new activator component of the KLK proteolytic cascade. Possible function in seminal plasma and skin. In: J Biol Chem . 8; 283 (6), Feb 2008, pp. 3031-3041. doi: 10.1074 / jbc.M707253200 . PMID 18056261 .
- P. Ovaere, S. Lippens, P. Vandenabeele, W. Declercq: The emerging roles of serine protease cascades in the epidermis. In: Trends Biochem Sci . 34 (9), Aug 2009, pp. 453-463. doi: 10.1016 / j.tibs.2009.08.001 . PMID 19726197 .
- H. Tamura, Y. Ishikawa, N. Hino, M. Maeda, S. Yoshida, S. Kaku, S. Shiosaka: Neuropsin is essential for early processes of memory acquisition and Schaffer collateral long-term potentiation in adult mouse hippocampus in vivo . In: J Physiol . 1; 570 (3), Feb 2006, pp. 541-551. doi: 10.1113 / jphysiol.2005.098715 . PMC 1479887 (free full text). PMID 16308352 .
- CA Borgono, EP Diamandis: The emerging roles of human tissue kallikreins in cancer. In: Nature Reviews Cancer . 4, 2004, pp. 876-890, doi: 10.1038 / nrc1474 .
- EP Diamandis, GM Yousef: Human Tissue Kallikreins: A Family of New Cancer Biomarkers. In: Clinical Chemistry. 48, 2002, pp. 1198-1205, PMID 12142373 (free full text).
Web links
- MeSH Kallikrein
- Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NC-IUBMB): Enzyme Nomenclature. Recommendations.
- ExPASy: Enzyme nomenclature database
Individual evidence
- ^ Emil Karl Frey , Heinrich Kraut , Eugen Werle: Kallikrein (Padutin). Stuttgart 1950.
- ↑ Hans Rudolf Berndorff : A life for surgery. Obituary for Ferdinand Sauerbruch. In: Ferdinand Sauerbruch: That was my life. Kindler & Schiermeyer, Bad Wörishofen 1951; cited: Licensed edition Bertelsmann, Munich 1956, pp. 456–478, here: p. 459.