Chamomile oil

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Chamomile ( Chamomilla recutita )
Chamomile oil from Matricaria recutita

Chamomile oil , Oleum Chamomillae or Matricariae aetheroleum , is an essential oil that is obtained from the flower heads of different types of chamomile by steam distillation .

A distinction is made between blue chamomile oil (also: German chamomile oil, FEMA  2272 ), which is made from the flowers of real chamomile ( Chamomilla recutita ), and Roman chamomile oil ( FEMA  2275 ), which is made from Roman chamomile ( Chamaemelum nobile ). The Moroccan chamomile oil is obtained from flowers of the plant Cladanthus mixtus won.

Extraction

Chamomile oil is obtained from fresh or dried chamomile flower heads by steam distillation . Under the conditions prevailing in the distillation conditions arises from the colorless matricin the dyed by Esterspaltung, dehydration and decarboxylation in larger quantities chamazulene that gives the blue color of the oil.

Formation of chamazulene ( 3 ) from matricin ( 1 ) via chamazulene carboxylic acid ( 2 ).

The essential oil makes up about 0.3 to 1.5% of the plant's mass.

properties

The blue chamomile oil quickly turns green to brown-yellow ("greening") under the influence of light and air and finally turns thick brown. It smells sweet and aromatic, herbal with a fresh and fruity nuance of cocoa. The taste is aromatically bitter.

The Roman chamomile oil is a yellowish to slightly green-bluish oil. The scent is described as fresh, sweet, herbal, with tea-like nuances.

The Moroccan chamomile oil is slightly yellow and has a sweet, herbaceous, woody and balsamic scent. The ingredients are Santolina and Artemisia alcohol.

ingredients

safety instructions
Surname

Chamomile oil blue

CAS number

8022-66-2

GHS labeling of hazardous substances
no GHS pictograms
H and P phrases H: 412
P: 273-501

The main components of blue chamomile oil are (-) - α-bisabolol (5–70%), various bisabolol oxides (A: 5–60, B: 5–60 and C: 0–8%), trans -β-farneses (7 –45%), various enine dicycloethers (2–30%), as well as the guajan derivatives spathulenol (around 1%) and chamaviolin . Chamazulene , which can be found in up to 5% of the oil, is made from matricin when teas and vegetable extracts are heated . Apigenin and angelicic acid are contained in small amounts .

Roman chamomile oil mainly contains esters of angelic acid such as isobutyl angelicate , methallyl gelatin , 2- and 3-methylbutylangelicate ( isopentyl angelicate ) and isobutyl butyrate .

use

The areas of application of blue chamomile oil largely correspond to those of chamomile flowers . In medieval pharmacy, chamomile oil is known as an oily extract from real chamomile. In aromatherapy , chamomile oil is used for a better complexion.

Roman chamomile oil is used in small doses for flavoring alcoholic beverages ( liqueurs ) and for making perfumes.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hunnius Pharmaceutical Dictionary . 6th edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1986, pp. 226 and 749.
  2. ↑ European Pharmacopoeia , Official Austrian Edition, Volume 2, 5th Edition, Verlag Österreich, Vienna 2005, pp. 2513 ff. ISBN 9783704646934 .
  3. ^ Entry on FEMA 2272 in the database of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States .
  4. ^ Entry on FEMA 2275 in the database of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States .
  5. ↑ a b c d e Entry on chamomile oils. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on July 20, 2016.
  6. ↑ a b Karl-Georg Fahlbusch et al .: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry . Flavors and Fragrances. Ed .: Wiley. 7th edition. 2007, p. 9 , doi : 10.1002 / 14356007.a11_141 .
  7. ↑ a b Data sheet chamomile oil blue from Sanabio , accessed on July 17, 2016.
  8. ↑ George A. Burdock: Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients . 6th edition. Taylor & Francis, 2010, ISBN 978-1-4200-9077-2 , pp. 235 , CAMOMILE FLOWER (Hungarian or German) .
  9. ↑ Werner Dressendörfer: Late medieval medicine taxes of the Munich city doctor Sigmund Gotzkircher from the Grazer Codex 311. A contribution to the early history of the southern German pharmacy. Königshausen and Neumann, Würzburg 1978 (= Würzburg medical-historical research. Volume 15), p. 245.
  10. ↑ See also Jürgen Martin: Die 'Ulmer Wundarznei'. Introduction - Text - Glossary on a monument to German specialist prose from the 15th century. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1991 (= Würzburg medical historical research. Volume 52), ISBN 3-88479-801-4 (also medical dissertation Würzburg 1990), p. 129 ( Gamillenöl ).
  11. ↑ Michaela and Wolfgang Steflitsch: aromatherapy, Science - clinic - practice . Springer Verlag, 2007.