Carnival in São Paulo
The São Paulo Carnival is one of the major carnival events in Brazil . Similar to Rio de Janeiro , a samba school competition takes place in the Sambódromo do Anhembi on the Friday and Saturday before the carnival.
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history
The carnival developed very differently in the regions of Brazil such as Rio de Janeiro, Bahia and Pernambuco. While the carnival in Salvador , Recife and Olinda is based on African traditions, in Rio de Janeiro it is based on organized carnival clubs and later samba schools. The São Paulo Carnival was brought to the city by the rural population during the coffee crisis. After the drop in the price of coffee, there was a mass immigration of the impoverished rural population to São Paulo and with them there were the first carnival events. The samba in São Paulo differs from the one in Rio de Janeiro in its speed, sequence of steps and music. The Samba Paulista has its roots in the work of coffee processing, as Plínio Marcos put it:
"" O samba de trabalho, durão, puxado para o batuque ". - The samba of work stops, driven by the Batuque. "
The Samba Paulistano was strongly influenced by Afro-Brazilian and strongly rhythmic elements such as the Jongo-Macumba or Caxambu. During the military dictatorship, the sambistas were persecuted. On the outskirts of São Paulo, in the marginal districts and favelas , the samba culture emerged among freed slaves at the end of the 19th century who came from the coffee plantations. They brought their instruments with them and played a danceable and stirring samba while they sang about their everyday life. They were marginalized and marginalized by the authorities of São Paulo. Dionísio Barbosa (* 1891), a released slave, founded the first samba center in Barra Funda with Cordão Barra Funda, which was initially strongly influenced by the carnival traditions in Rio de Janeiro . The members of the Cordão Barra Funda marched in the streets in green shirts and white trousers, which led to the establishment of the first samba school Camisa Verde e Branco in 1953. The two oldest samba schools in São Paulo, Camisa Verde e Branco from Barra Funda and Vai-Vai from Bela Vista, come from old craft districts. In São Paulo, too, the carnival developed into a street carnival, the "Carnaval de Rua", consisting of dances, parades and folk jokes. In 1934 the Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo organized the carnival. From the 1950s, samba schools such as Lavapés, Unidos do Peruche and Nenê de Vila Matilde increasingly dominated the scene. In 1995 the first carnival parade of the samba schools took place in Ibirapuera. In 1970 the tourism authority Anhembi Turismo e Eventos da Cidade de São Paulo S / A was founded to promote the carnival parades in the Sambodromo. As a result, the carnival in São Paulo was instrumentalized. Critics note that state influence has a negative impact on the cultural aspect of Carnival. The samba schools are organized in the UESP - União das Escolas de Samba Paulistanas. Another organization is the Liga Independente das Escolas de Samba de São Paulo, abbreviated LigaSP. In 1968 the samba schools' first parade took place on Avenida São João. In 1977 the move was relocated to Avenida Tiradentes, where around 30,000 people could watch. In the 1980s, the Mocidade Alegre samba school won many titles with its "Embaixada, Sonho de Bamba" move, which made it famous. In 1991 the parades took place in the Avenida Olavo Fontoura in the Polo Cultural Grande Otelo, which was popularly known as Sambódromo do Anhembi. Since 2006, two titles have been awarded in the competition of samba schools: Grupo Especial das Escolas de Samba and Grupo Especial das Escolas de Samba Desportivas. The second prize relates to the connection between the samba school and the fans' football club; Mancha Verde, for example, is associated with the Palmeiras Club and Gaviões da Fiel with Corinthians . For 2012 there is the vision of the Fábricas de Sonhos and the Cidade do Samba. A complex is planned in São Paulo, where the samba schools can produce and market their costumes and allegories. This complex is also intended as a tourist attraction with a view to the soccer World Cup and the upcoming Olympic Games in 2016. Today there are around 200 samba schools in São Paulo. The largest are Nenê de Vila Matilde, Vai-Vai, Camisa Verde e Branco, Unidos do Peruche, Mocidade Alegre and Rosas de Ouro. Barroca Zona Sul, Imperador do Ipiranga, Morro da Casa Verde, Acadêmicos do Tatuapé, Leandro de Itaquera, Acadêmicos do Tucuruvi, Águia de Ouro, Pérola Negra, Tom Maior and Unidos de Vila Maria are also important.
Modern carnival of the 21st century
The theme of Carnival 2000 was the history of Brazil in 14 parts, with each samba school reproducing one of these parts in allegories. The new favorites were Vai-Vai and X-9 Paulistana, who won a number of titles and prizes. They were followed by Gaviões da Fiel and Leandro da Itaquera. In 2002 Gaviões da Fiel won with the theme "Xeque Mate" and in 2003 with "As Cinco Deusas Encatadas na Corte do Rei Gavião", thus processing five Brazilian regions in allegories . The Mocidade samba school often took socially critical issues such as water scarcity and poverty in the Brazilian northeast. In 2004 the dominant theme was "O Novo Espelho de Narciso. To Delírio Sobre os Heróis da Mitologia Paulistana" Mocidade won with the theme "Do Além-mar à Terra da Garoa ... Salve esta gente boa." By singing about the characteristics of the Paulistanos . The samba of the Imperador do Ipiranga school is still considered the best carnival song to this day. In 2005 Império de Casa Verde sang "Brasil: Se Deus é por nós, quem será contra nós". Many polemical topics were also presented, such as an homage to the criminal Bicheiro patron Francisco Plumari Júnior, also known as Chico Ronda, who previously died. In 2008 Vai-Vai caused a sensation with "Acorda Brasil! A saída é ter esperança", which alludes to the economic rise of Brazil.
Carnival 2011
Carnival 2011 themes:
- Unidos do Peruche: “Abram-se as cortinas! O espetáculo vai começar. 100 anos de Sao Paulo Municipal Theater. A Peruche vai contar ”(Open the curtain. The show begins. 100 years of the Theatro Municipal de São Paulo)
- Tom Maior: "Salve Salve São Bernardo, Pedaço do meu Brasil - Terra Mãe dos Paulistas" (Praise be to São Bernardo, piece of my Brazil - mother earth of the Paulistas)
- Acadêmicos do Tucuruvi: "Oxente, o que seria da gente sem essa gente? São Paulo: a capital do Nordeste" (Oops, what would you be without these people. São Paulo: Capital of the Northeast)
- Rosas de Ouro: "Abre-te Sésamo, a senha da sorte" (Open Sesame, sign of happiness)
- Mancha Verde: "Uma ideia de gênio" (An idea of the spirit)
- Vai-Vai: "A música venceu" (The music has won)
- Pérola Negra: "Abraão, o Patriarca da fé" (Abraham the Patriarch of Faith)
- Nenê de Vila Matilde: "Salis Sapientiae - Uma história do mundo!" (Salis Sapientiae - A History of the World)
- Águia de Ouro: "Com todo gás a Águia de Ouro é fogo!" (With all the gas Águia de Ouro is the fire)
- Mocidade Alegre: "Carrossel das Ilusões" (Carousel of Illusions)
- Unidos da Vila Maria: "Teatro Amazonas, Manaus em cena" (Theater Amazonas. Manaus in the scene)
- X-9 Paulistana: "De eterna criança a embaixador da esperança ... Renato Aragão, Didi Trapalhão!" (From the eternal child to the ambassador of hope ... Renato Aragão, Didi Trapalhão)
- Gaviões da Fiel: "Do mar das pérolas e das areias do deserto à cidade do futuro. Dubai, o sonho do Rei Maktoum" (From the sea of pearls and the desert sand to the city of the future. Dubai the dream of King Maktoum)
- Império de Casa Verde: "Samba sabor cerveja, admirada há milênios. A nova sensação nacional!" (Beer-flavored samba, admired for centuries. The new national sensation)
Participant of the Carnival 2012 (Grupo Especial)
- Império de Casa Verde
- Tom Maior
- Academicos do Tucuruvi
- Rosas de Ouro
- Mancha Verde
- Vai-Vai
- Mocidade Alegre
- Camisa Verde e Branco
- Dragões da Real
- Pérola Negra
- Águia de Ouro
- Unidos de Vila Maria
- X-9 Paulistana
- Gaviões da Fiel
literature
- Olga Simpson: Carnaval em branco e negro: Carnaval popular paulistano 1914-1988, Campinas, Editora da UNICAMP, 2007, ISBN 978-85-268-0751-8
Web links
- Website about the Carnaval Paulista
- Speech Globo Carnaval 2011
- official homepage of the LigaSP
- SPTuris website about the carnival activities
Notes and individual references
- ^ Artist name of Adriana Soares, a model, actress and TV presenter from Rio de Janeiro
- ↑ pt. Parade, carnival parade
- ^ Samba from São Paulo
- ↑ Brazilian writer and playwright during the Brazilian military dictatorship (born September 29, 1935 in Santos , † November 29, 1999 in São Paulo) on http://www.tiosam.org/enciclopedia/index.asp?q=Carnaval_de_São_Paulo ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Batuque - drum music
- ^ Plínio Marcos de Barros
- ↑ pt. Geh-Geh, original name Vae-Vae
- ↑ pt. City Council of São Paulo
- ↑ today SPTuris
- ↑ pt. Dream factories
- ↑ Samba city in the Gamboa district in Rio de Janeiro
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from January 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ pt. The five enthusiastic goddesses in the court of King Gavião
- ↑ pt. The new mirror of narcissism . Delirium over the heroes of Paulistani mythology
- ↑ Beyond the sea, the land of the drizzle. Bless these good people
- ↑ pt. If God is with us, who can be against us?
- ↑ Jogo do Bicho - gambling prohibited in Brazil
- ↑ pt. Wake up Brazil. The way out is hope!
- ^ Allusion to the Nordestinos, migrant workers from the north-east Brazilian poverty provinces, who emigrated in large numbers to São Paulo
- ↑ Brazilian comedian
- ↑ Figure of Renato Aragão
