License plate lighting

The license plate lighting should enable the license plate to be read even in the dark

The license plate light (including license plate light ) or in Switzerland, the control plate light of a motor vehicle for the purpose, the readability of the rear motor vehicle registration plate to ensure even in the dark.

Compliance with the existing European and national regulations is a particular challenge for automotive design.

Legal regulations

For the member states of the European Union , Regulation (EC) No. 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of July 13, 2009 in its Annex IV determines a series of the convention on the acceptance of uniform technical regulations for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts, which can be used in wheeled vehicles (s) incorporated, and / or, and the conditions for the mutual recognition of approvals have been issued for these regulations connected regulations for binding, including the regulations Nos. 4 and no. 48, the detailed provisions for the approval of the lighting devices for the rear license plate of motor vehicles and their trailers (in regulation No. 4) as well as for the approval of vehicles with regard to the installation of the lighting and light signaling devices (in regulation No. 48). According to Annex VIII of Regulation (EU) No. 168/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of January 15, 2013 - at the manufacturer's option - vehicles of class L 3e may instead also be equipped with "lighting and light signaling devices in accordance with UN-ECE - Regulation No. 53 Rev. 2 and its amendments 1 and 2 "; the approval of a vehicle according to regulation no. 53 requires according to its section 6.5.1. A lighting device for the rear license plate, which in turn is approved as a Category 2 device according to Regulation No. 50.

In the Federal Republic of Germany, the lighting device of the rear license plate is regulated by Section 10 (6) sentences 2 to 4 of the Vehicle Licensing Ordinance (FZV), sentence 2 of which is based on Directive 76/760 / EEC, which was repealed with effect from November 1, 2014 and on ECE regulation number 4 in the currently applicable version, and its sentence 3 on motorcycles refers to Directive 97/24 / EC, which was repealed with effect from January 1, 2016, and to ECE regulation No. 53 in the currently applicable version.

According to this, a license plate light is generally required for all vehicles and trailers. Only insurance numbers for small motorbikes ( mopeds ) and four-wheeled light vehicles do not have to be illuminated ( Section 27 (4) sentence 2 FZV). Special regulations apply to trailers in agriculture and forestry, which often use removable light carriers. Only license plate lights for which ECE approval has been granted may be used . This can be recognized by the international approval mark , which, among other things, consists of a circle containing the letter "E" and the code of the country that issued the approval. If a lamp is installed without this marking, if the design is very strict, the vehicle's operating license may expire.

Construction and function

The electrical circuit must be designed so that the license plate light always simultaneously with the rear lights and, if applicable, marker lights on and off. Light-emitting diodes are increasingly being used . Due to their lower heat loss, these are more efficient than conventional incandescent lamps and, above all, have a considerably longer service life. As a rule, they work for the entire life of the vehicle. The light from the license plate light should be as colorless as possible so that the colors of the license plate do not appear to have changed significantly. In order to avoid irritation for drivers following behind, no light beam must emit directly to the rear; that is, the light from the license plate light must not be visible. This is achieved by defining a certain light emission angle. In addition, the regulations contain detailed specifications on, among other things, intensity, luminous intensity level, luminance and the light source module.

The number plate lighting on multi-lane vehicles and trailers must always be secured in conjunction with the right-hand side marker light so that if the left-hand side marker lamp fails, the vehicle can still be recognized as a multi-lane vehicle.

License plate lighting in automotive design

Integration of license plate lighting into the overall design of the Volkswagen 1200

The high level of detail of the legal requirements sometimes poses a particular challenge for the design of curved car bodies with a rounded rear end. For example, the prescribed angle of eight degrees at which the light must hit the license plate can only be observed if either by placing a light directly on the body or - vice versa - installing the license plate up to seven centimeters deep into the body.

The early Volkswagen 1200 ( pretzel beetle ) is an example of the integration of license plate lighting into the overall design of a vehicle : Here, the semi-oval engine hood was provided with a continuous, vertical bulge in the middle. The purpose of this curved and tapering design is, among other things, to appealingly integrate the teardrop-shaped license plate lighting. This hood design was changed again on later models.

The license plate light is hidden inside the bumpers of a Ferrari Dino

Another design of the license plate lighting can be found on the Ferrari Dino Pininfarina: Here these lights are hidden in the cavities of the two bumper halves .

Alternatives

Contrary to popular belief, the reflective license plates introduced in 1971 cannot replace license plate lighting. These license plates, which were introduced primarily for safety reasons ( Section 10 (2) sentence 2 FZV) make it easier for drivers to read it, but not for pedestrians on unlit country roads or surveillance cameras.

Self-illuminating license plates, which were approved by the Federal Motor Transport Authority in 2006, offer an alternative . These are very flat license plates that emit light themselves and thus make the usual license plate lights superfluous. There are various systems, for example license plates, which are backlit by means of a reflective electroluminescent film . Signs of this type developed by the 3M company were installed in the first models of the Volkswagen Phaeton in 2002 .

License plate lights in Japan

License plate lighting with LEDs under the license plate is permitted in Japan

The translucent license plates, which are available on request in Japan, are a specialty. The license plate itself is not illuminated, but lights located directly behind the license plate allow numbers and characters to shine through. First attempts in 1970 began on the snowy north island of Hokkaidō . It was found that the heat given off by the lightbulbs was sufficient to melt the snow on the license plate. However, these early designs could not illuminate the characters evenly. Newer types of these so-called "jiko-shiki" (字光式) (German for "character lighting") are based on light-emitting diodes that illuminate the entire area of the license plate evenly from behind. However, the light only shines through the characters made of green plastic molded parts, which appear clearly legible in the dark.

Others

Anyone who switches off the license plate light to prevent the rear license plate from being legible is liable to prosecution for license plate misuse. This also applies to consciously switching off the license plate lighting through technical measures. In a decision by the Stuttgart Higher Regional Court (OLG Stuttgart decision of July 6, 2011, 2 Ss 344/11), the lighting was confirmed as a mandatory part of the rear license plate. See also Section 17 (1) of the Road Traffic Regulations and Section 22 (1) No. 3 of the Road Traffic Act .

literature

Hans-Hermann Braess, Ulrich Seiffert: Vieweg manual automotive technology. 6th edition, Verlag Vieweg + Teubner Wiesbaden 2011, ISBN 978-3-8348-1011-3 .
Jürgen Kasedorf, Richard Koch: Service primer for vehicle electrics. 15th edition, Vogel Buchverlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8343-3098-7 .
Joachim Petsch: History of Car Design. DuMont Buchverlag, Cologne 1982, ISBN 3-7701-1330-6 .

Web links

Further information on license plate lighting

Individual evidence

↑ Regulation (EC) No. 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 on the type approval of motor vehicles, motor vehicle trailers and of systems, components and independent technical units for these vehicles with regard to their general safety in the consolidated version of 1 July 2016 . In: EUR-Lex . European Union , called up and received on September 7th, 2017 (for Regulation (EC) No. 661/2009 a number of implementing measures have been taken / decreed / enacted, including Regulation (EU) No. 1003/2010 of the Commission of 8th September 2017 November 2010 on the type approval of the attachment point and the affixing of the rear registration plates to motor vehicles and motor vehicle trailers and for the implementation of Regulation (EC) No. 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the type approval of motor vehicles, motor vehicle trailers and of systems, components and independent technical units for these vehicles with regard to their general safety in the consolidated version of February 24, 2015 ; Council Directive 76/760 / EEC of July 27, 1976 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to lighting systems was in effect until November 1, 2014 for the rear license plate of motor vehicles and motor vehicle trailers Gladly in the consolidated version of July 1, 2013 , which provided for an EEC type approval / EC component type approval, in which an EEC approval mark / EC component type approval mark was assigned, which corresponds to each type of lighting device for the rear license plate must wear; This guideline referred in its technical regulations to certain provisions of the "UNECE Regulation No. 4").

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Regulation No. 4 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of devices for the illumination of rear registration plates of power-driven vehicles and their trailers annexed to the Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and / or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these Prescriptions Revision 3 , corrected by Corrigendum 1 and amended by Amendment 1 . In: www.unece.org . United Nations Economic Commission for Europe , accessed and received on September 6, 2017 (English; PDF files; current status of the 1958 Agreement (and of the annexed regulations) in English, French and Russian; possibly more recent versions of the regulations 1- 20 in English, French and Russian; Agreement revision 2 in English).
Regulation No. 4 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN / ECE) - Uniform conditions for the approval of lighting devices for the rear license plate of motor vehicles and their trailers - Revision 2 [incorrectly consolidated version with amendments 1 and 2 and parts of the amendment 3 but without correction 1] ( OJ L 31 of January 31, 2009, pp. 35–54), amended by changes made in 2010 to Regulation No. 4 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN / ECE) - Uniform Conditions for the approval of the lighting equipment for the rear license plate of motor vehicles and their trailers [Amendment 4] (OJ L 4 of 7 January 2012, p. 17). In: EUR-Lex . European Union , accessed and received on 6 September 2017 (only the original versions managed by the UNECE are internationally legally binding; the consolidated version published in the OJ is now out of date and also contains consolidation errors as well as several translation errors, the translation published in the OJ of amendment 4 (the now obsolete revision 2) is incomplete).

↑ ^a ^b Regulation No. 48 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the installation of lighting and light-signaling devices annexed to the Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and / or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these Prescriptions . Individual versions, their corrections and changes can be downloaded here at: www.unece.org . United Nations Economic Commission for Europe , accessed and received on September 6, 2017 (English; PDF files; Regulation No. 48 refers in Section 6.8. On the lighting device for the rear license plate explicitly to Regulation No. 4; current status of the 1958 Agreement (and of the annexed regulations) in English, French and Russian; Agreement — Revision 2 in English).
Regulation No. 48 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN / ECE) - Uniform conditions for the approval of vehicles with regard to the installation of lighting and light signaling devices [2016/1723] [Including the entire text up to: Supplement 7 to the 06 series of amendments - Effective date: October 8, 2016] ( OJ L 265 of September 30, 2016, pp. 125–242), corrected by correcting Regulation No. 48 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN / ECE) - Uniform Conditions for the approval of vehicles with regard to the installation of the lighting and light signaling devices [2016/1723] (OJ L L 114 of 3 May 2017, p. 39 (DE)). In: EUR-Lex . European Union , accessed and received on September 6, 2017 (only the original versions managed by the UNECE are internationally legally binding; the correction is not an original correction, but only a correction of the unofficial German-language translation made by the EU).

↑ Regulation (EU) No. 168/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of January 15, 2013 on the approval and market surveillance of two-, three-wheel and four-wheel vehicles in the consolidated version of January 1, 2016 . In: EUR-Lex . European Union , accessed and received on September 7, 2017.

↑ ^a ^b Regulation No. 53 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of category L ₃ vehicles with regard to the installation of lighting and light-signaling devices annexed to the Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and / or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these Prescriptions . Individual versions, their corrections and changes can be downloaded here at: www.unece.org . United Nations Economic Commission for Europe , accessed and received on September 7, 2017 (English; PDF files; Regulation No. 53 stipulates in Section 6.5.1. That the lighting device for the rear license plate of a vehicle that is approved in accordance with Regulation No. 53 is Category 2 facility must be approved in accordance with Regulation No. 50; current status of the 1958 Agreement (and of the annexed regulations) in English, French and Russian; Agreement Revision 2 in English).
Regulation No. 53 of the Economic Commission of the United Nations for Europe (UN / ECE) - Uniform conditions for the approval of vehicles of class L ₃ with regard to the installation of lighting and light signaling devices [Including the entire valid text up to: Supplement 14 to the 01 series of amendments - Effective date: July 15, 2013] ( OJ L 166, June 18, 2013, pp. 55–87). In: EUR-Lex . European Union , accessed and received on September 7, 2017 (only the original versions managed by UNECE are internationally legally binding; several changes not included in this translation have now come into force).

↑ Regulation No. 50 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of front position lamps, rear position lamps, stop lamps, direction indicators and rear-registration-plate illuminating devices for vehicles of category L annexed to the Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and / or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these Prescriptions . Individual versions, their corrections and changes can be downloaded here at: www.unece.org . United Nations Economic Commission for Europe , accessed and received on September 8, 2017 (English; PDF files; current status of the 1958 Agreement (and of the annexed regulations) in English, French and Russian ; the Agreement — Revision 2 in English) .
Regulation No. 50 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) - Uniform conditions for the approval of marker lights, tail lights, brake lights, direction indicators and lighting devices for the rear license plate for vehicles of class L [Including all of the applicable text up to: Supplement 16 to Regulation in its original version - effective date: 15 July 2013] ( OJ L 97 of 29 March 2014, pp. 1–20). In: EUR-Lex . European Union , accessed and received on September 11, 2017 (only the original versions managed by the UNECE are internationally legally binding; several changes not included in this translation have now come into force).

↑ Directive 76/760 / EEC of the Council of July 27, 1976 on the harmonization of the laws of the member states on lighting devices for the rear registration plates of motor vehicles and motor vehicle trailers in the consolidated version of November 1, 2014 . In: EUR-Lex . European Union , accessed and received on September 7, 2017 (Directive 76/760 / EEC was repealed with effect from November 1, 2014 by Regulation (EC) No. 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of July 13, 2009 on the type approval of motor vehicles, motor vehicle trailers and of systems, components and independent technical units for these vehicles with regard to their general safety in the consolidated version of 1 July 2016 , which in its Annex IV contains a series of "UNECE regulations" (including Regulations No. 4 and No. 48) are declared binding; Article 4, Paragraph 2, Clause 2 also regulates: “A type approval in accordance with the UN / ECE regulations in accordance with Annex IV is an EC type approval within the meaning of this regulation and its implementing measures considered. ").

↑ Directive 97/24 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 17, 1997 on certain components and characteristics of two-wheel or three-wheel motor vehicles in the consolidated version of January 1, 2016 . In: EUR-Lex . European Union , accessed and received on September 7, 2017 (Directive 97/24 / EC was repealed with effect from January 1, 2016 by Regulation (EU) No. 168/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of January 15, 2013 on the approval and market surveillance of two- or three-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles in the consolidated version of January 1, 2016 , which in its Annex VIII for vehicles of class L 3e - at the manufacturer's choice - also the equipment with "lighting and light signaling devices in In accordance with UN-ECE regulation No. 53 Rev. 2 and its amendments 1 and 2 "declared permissible).

↑ Status of the Agreement, of the annexed UN Regulations and of amendments - Revision 25 - Note by the secretariat . February 28, 2017, pp. 41-42 ( Countries Parties to the 1958 Agreement ). In: Status of the 1958 Agreement (and of the annexed regulations) . In: www.unece.org . United Nations Economic Commission for Europe , accessed and received on September 7, 2017.
An outdated list in German can be found in: Contracting parties - List of key figures ( Memento of the original from September 5, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: www.bmvi.de . Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure , accessed and received on September 7, 2017. @1@ 2

↑ Section 5.11. of Regulation No. 48 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the installation of lighting and light-signaling devices annexed to the Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and / or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these Prescriptions . Individual versions, their corrections and changes can be downloaded here at: www.unece.org . United Nations Economic Commission for Europe , accessed and received on September 12, 2017 (English; PDF files; Regulation No. 48 in Section 6.8. On the lighting device for the rear license plate explicitly refers to Regulation No. 4; current status of the 1958 Agreement (and of the annexed regulations) in English, French and Russian; Agreement — Revision 2 in English).
Regulation No. 48 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN / ECE) - Uniform conditions for the approval of vehicles with regard to the installation of lighting and light signaling devices [2016/1723] [Including the entire text up to: Supplement 7 to the 06 series of amendments - Effective date: October 8, 2016] ( OJ L 265 of September 30, 2016, pp. 125–242), corrected by correcting Regulation No. 48 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN / ECE) - Uniform Conditions for the approval of vehicles with regard to the installation of the lighting and light signaling devices [2016/1723] (OJ L L 114 of 3 May 2017, p. 39 (DE)). In: EUR-Lex . European Union , accessed and received on September 6, 2017 (only the original versions managed by the UNECE are internationally legally binding; the correction is not an original correction, but only a correction of the unofficial German-language translation made by the EU).

↑ Self-illuminating license plate ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.3 MB) 2006 annual report of the Federal Motor Transport Authority, page 59. Accessed April 7, 2012.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.kba.de

↑ The reason everyone switched to a glowing number is online edition of the Kuruma-Post from July 2, 2019. Retrieved June 23, 2020.

^ State jurisdiction of Baden-Württemberg Decision collection of the state jurisdiction database from July 6, 2011. Accessed on April 21, 2012.

[1] Regulation (EC) No. 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 on the type approval of motor vehicles, motor vehicle trailers and of systems, components and independent technical units for these vehicles with regard to their general safety in the consolidated version of 1 July 2016 . In: EUR-Lex . European Union , called up and received on September 7th, 2017 (for Regulation (EC) No. 661/2009 a number of implementing measures have been taken / decreed / enacted, including Regulation (EU) No. 1003/2010 of the Commission of 8th September 2017 November 2010 on the type approval of the attachment point and the affixing of the rear registration plates to motor vehicles and motor vehicle trailers and for the implementation of Regulation (EC) No. 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the type approval of motor vehicles, motor vehicle trailers and of systems, components and independent technical units for these vehicles with regard to their general safety in the consolidated version of February 24, 2015 ; Council Directive 76/760 / EEC of July 27, 1976 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to lighting systems was in effect until November 1, 2014 for the rear license plate of motor vehicles and motor vehicle trailers Gladly in the consolidated version of July 1, 2013 , which provided for an EEC type approval / EC component type approval, in which an EEC approval mark / EC component type approval mark was assigned, which corresponds to each type of lighting device for the rear license plate must wear; This guideline referred in its technical regulations to certain provisions of the "UNECE Regulation No. 4").

[Regulation_No._4_annexed_to_Agreement_Concerning…-2] Regulation No. 4 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of devices for the illumination of rear registration plates of power-driven vehicles and their trailers annexed to the Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and / or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these Prescriptions Revision 3 , corrected by Corrigendum 1 and amended by Amendment 1 . In: www.unece.org . United Nations Economic Commission for Europe , accessed and received on September 6, 2017 (English; PDF files; current status of the 1958 Agreement (and of the annexed regulations) in English, French and Russian; possibly more recent versions of the regulations 1- 20 in English, French and Russian; Agreement revision 2 in English).
Regulation No. 4 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN / ECE) - Uniform conditions for the approval of lighting devices for the rear license plate of motor vehicles and their trailers - Revision 2 [incorrectly consolidated version with amendments 1 and 2 and parts of the amendment 3 but without correction 1] ( OJ L 31 of January 31, 2009, pp. 35–54), amended by changes made in 2010 to Regulation No. 4 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN / ECE) - Uniform Conditions for the approval of the lighting equipment for the rear license plate of motor vehicles and their trailers [Amendment 4] (OJ L 4 of 7 January 2012, p. 17). In: EUR-Lex . European Union , accessed and received on 6 September 2017 (only the original versions managed by the UNECE are internationally legally binding; the consolidated version published in the OJ is now out of date and also contains consolidation errors as well as several translation errors, the translation published in the OJ of amendment 4 (the now obsolete revision 2) is incomplete).

[Regulation_No._48_annexed_to_Agreement_Concerning…-3] Regulation No. 48 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the installation of lighting and light-signaling devices annexed to the Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and / or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these Prescriptions . Individual versions, their corrections and changes can be downloaded here at: www.unece.org . United Nations Economic Commission for Europe , accessed and received on September 6, 2017 (English; PDF files; Regulation No. 48 refers in Section 6.8. On the lighting device for the rear license plate explicitly to Regulation No. 4; current status of the 1958 Agreement (and of the annexed regulations) in English, French and Russian; Agreement — Revision 2 in English).
Regulation No. 48 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN / ECE) - Uniform conditions for the approval of vehicles with regard to the installation of lighting and light signaling devices [2016/1723] [Including the entire text up to: Supplement 7 to the 06 series of amendments - Effective date: October 8, 2016] ( OJ L 265 of September 30, 2016, pp. 125–242), corrected by correcting Regulation No. 48 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN / ECE) - Uniform Conditions for the approval of vehicles with regard to the installation of the lighting and light signaling devices [2016/1723] (OJ L L 114 of 3 May 2017, p. 39 (DE)). In: EUR-Lex . European Union , accessed and received on September 6, 2017 (only the original versions managed by the UNECE are internationally legally binding; the correction is not an original correction, but only a correction of the unofficial German-language translation made by the EU).

[4] Regulation (EU) No. 168/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of January 15, 2013 on the approval and market surveillance of two-, three-wheel and four-wheel vehicles in the consolidated version of January 1, 2016 . In: EUR-Lex . European Union , accessed and received on September 7, 2017.

[Regulation_No._53_annexed_to_Agreement_Concerning…-5] Regulation No. 53 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of category L ₃ vehicles with regard to the installation of lighting and light-signaling devices annexed to the Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and / or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these Prescriptions . Individual versions, their corrections and changes can be downloaded here at: www.unece.org . United Nations Economic Commission for Europe , accessed and received on September 7, 2017 (English; PDF files; Regulation No. 53 stipulates in Section 6.5.1. That the lighting device for the rear license plate of a vehicle that is approved in accordance with Regulation No. 53 is Category 2 facility must be approved in accordance with Regulation No. 50; current status of the 1958 Agreement (and of the annexed regulations) in English, French and Russian; Agreement Revision 2 in English).
Regulation No. 53 of the Economic Commission of the United Nations for Europe (UN / ECE) - Uniform conditions for the approval of vehicles of class L ₃ with regard to the installation of lighting and light signaling devices [Including the entire valid text up to: Supplement 14 to the 01 series of amendments - Effective date: July 15, 2013] ( OJ L 166, June 18, 2013, pp. 55–87). In: EUR-Lex . European Union , accessed and received on September 7, 2017 (only the original versions managed by UNECE are internationally legally binding; several changes not included in this translation have now come into force).

[Regulation_No._50_annexed_to_Agreement_Concerning…-6] Regulation No. 50 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of front position lamps, rear position lamps, stop lamps, direction indicators and rear-registration-plate illuminating devices for vehicles of category L annexed to the Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and / or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these Prescriptions . Individual versions, their corrections and changes can be downloaded here at: www.unece.org . United Nations Economic Commission for Europe , accessed and received on September 8, 2017 (English; PDF files; current status of the 1958 Agreement (and of the annexed regulations) in English, French and Russian ; the Agreement — Revision 2 in English) .
Regulation No. 50 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) - Uniform conditions for the approval of marker lights, tail lights, brake lights, direction indicators and lighting devices for the rear license plate for vehicles of class L [Including all of the applicable text up to: Supplement 16 to Regulation in its original version - effective date: 15 July 2013] ( OJ L 97 of 29 March 2014, pp. 1–20). In: EUR-Lex . European Union , accessed and received on September 11, 2017 (only the original versions managed by the UNECE are internationally legally binding; several changes not included in this translation have now come into force).

[7] Directive 76/760 / EEC of the Council of July 27, 1976 on the harmonization of the laws of the member states on lighting devices for the rear registration plates of motor vehicles and motor vehicle trailers in the consolidated version of November 1, 2014 . In: EUR-Lex . European Union , accessed and received on September 7, 2017 (Directive 76/760 / EEC was repealed with effect from November 1, 2014 by Regulation (EC) No. 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of July 13, 2009 on the type approval of motor vehicles, motor vehicle trailers and of systems, components and independent technical units for these vehicles with regard to their general safety in the consolidated version of 1 July 2016 , which in its Annex IV contains a series of "UNECE regulations" (including Regulations No. 4 and No. 48) are declared binding; Article 4, Paragraph 2, Clause 2 also regulates: “A type approval in accordance with the UN / ECE regulations in accordance with Annex IV is an EC type approval within the meaning of this regulation and its implementing measures considered. ").

[8] Directive 97/24 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 17, 1997 on certain components and characteristics of two-wheel or three-wheel motor vehicles in the consolidated version of January 1, 2016 . In: EUR-Lex . European Union , accessed and received on September 7, 2017 (Directive 97/24 / EC was repealed with effect from January 1, 2016 by Regulation (EU) No. 168/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of January 15, 2013 on the approval and market surveillance of two- or three-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles in the consolidated version of January 1, 2016 , which in its Annex VIII for vehicles of class L 3e - at the manufacturer's choice - also the equipment with "lighting and light signaling devices in In accordance with UN-ECE regulation No. 53 Rev. 2 and its amendments 1 and 2 "declared permissible).

[9] Status of the Agreement, of the annexed UN Regulations and of amendments - Revision 25 - Note by the secretariat . February 28, 2017, pp. 41-42 ( Countries Parties to the 1958 Agreement ). In: Status of the 1958 Agreement (and of the annexed regulations) . In: www.unece.org . United Nations Economic Commission for Europe , accessed and received on September 7, 2017.
An outdated list in German can be found in: Contracting parties - List of key figures ( Memento of the original from September 5, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: www.bmvi.de . Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure , accessed and received on September 7, 2017. @1@ 2

[10] Section 5.11. of Regulation No. 48 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the installation of lighting and light-signaling devices annexed to the Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and / or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these Prescriptions . Individual versions, their corrections and changes can be downloaded here at: www.unece.org . United Nations Economic Commission for Europe , accessed and received on September 12, 2017 (English; PDF files; Regulation No. 48 in Section 6.8. On the lighting device for the rear license plate explicitly refers to Regulation No. 4; current status of the 1958 Agreement (and of the annexed regulations) in English, French and Russian; Agreement — Revision 2 in English).
Regulation No. 48 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN / ECE) - Uniform conditions for the approval of vehicles with regard to the installation of lighting and light signaling devices [2016/1723] [Including the entire text up to: Supplement 7 to the 06 series of amendments - Effective date: October 8, 2016] ( OJ L 265 of September 30, 2016, pp. 125–242), corrected by correcting Regulation No. 48 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN / ECE) - Uniform Conditions for the approval of vehicles with regard to the installation of the lighting and light signaling devices [2016/1723] (OJ L L 114 of 3 May 2017, p. 39 (DE)). In: EUR-Lex . European Union , accessed and received on September 6, 2017 (only the original versions managed by the UNECE are internationally legally binding; the correction is not an original correction, but only a correction of the unofficial German-language translation made by the EU).

[11] Self-illuminating license plate ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.3 MB) 2006 annual report of the Federal Motor Transport Authority, page 59. Accessed April 7, 2012.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.kba.de

[12] The reason everyone switched to a glowing number is online edition of the Kuruma-Post from July 2, 2019. Retrieved June 23, 2020.

[13] State jurisdiction of Baden-Württemberg Decision collection of the state jurisdiction database from July 6, 2011. Accessed on April 21, 2012.