Kibbutz Cheruth
The Kibbutz Cheruth (German: Kommune Freiheit ) was a kibbutz that existed from 1926 to 1930 in villages between Hameln and Bad Pyrmont in what is now Lower Saxony . The kibbutz, oriented towards Zionist and socialist ideals, served the professional and cultural preparation ( Hachshara ) of young Jews for their emigration ( Aliyah ) to Palestine .
founding
Kibbutz Cheruth goes back to the small young Jewish wandering federation Brit Haolim (federation of immigrants, federation of the ascending), which was founded in 1920. The practical aim of the association was the education to the kibbutz . Every trained young Zionist should emigrate to Palestine.
In 1923 the Brit Haolim held its Bundestag on the Ohrberg near Hameln with delegates from a kibbutz from Israel. In 1925 the association founded the Hameln Center with 90 members. In 1926, at a meeting near Bad Pyrmont, it was decided to found a kibbutz, which 10 people founded on November 1, 1926 in Grießem . He called himself "Cheruth" (German: freedom ) after the title of a speech by Martin Buber on youth and religion in 1918.
The Hamelin dentist Hermann Gradnauer , one of the founders and leaders of the Jewish hiking association Brit Haolim, is considered to be the initiator of Kibbutz Cheruth . He went to Palestine in 1934 and settled in Kibbutz Givʿat Brenner in 1942 , where he continued to work as a dentist.
description
The members of Kibbutz Cheruth were young Zionists who were mostly 18 to 20 years old and often had a higher education. Many of them came from middle-class Jewish families from big cities like Berlin, but also from Poland, Lithuania and other Eastern European countries. The young people rejected their parents' way of life and were looking for a new Jewish way of life. Since many had separated from their parents' home, parents tried to bring them back.
The members of the kibbutz lived as servants and maidservants with farmers in Aerzen , Grießem, Holzhausen and other villages, where they completed an agricultural apprenticeship. They came together in the evenings and on weekends to rediscover their Judaism and learn Hebrew . Every two weeks there was a meeting of all relatives in Aerzen or Holzhausen. There were 15 to 20 members in 1927 and 1928 and over 50 after that.
After the British immigration ban to Palestine was lifted in 1928, the first emigration through Kibbutz Cheruth took place that year . 34 of his relatives first went to Rechovot and in 1930 to Kibbutz Givat Brenner. A second emigration followed in 1930 with 90 people who also went to Givat Brenner.
Nothing is known about the reasons for the end of Kibbutz Cheruth after 1930. One reason may have been the emigration of its initiator Hermann Gradnauer to Palestine in 1934. The world economic crisis with high unemployment and openly emerging anti-Semitism are suspected to be further reasons .
Members of the kibbutz were the painter and publicist Arie Goral-Sternheim and the architect Chanan Frenkel .
See also
literature
- Werner Fölling, Wolfgang Melzer: Kibbutz Cheruth - Hameln. Biographical Interviews with Palestine Pioneers , Volumes 1 and 2, Kibbutz Givat Brenner, 1988
- Bernhard Gelderblom : The dentist and Zionist Dr. Hermann Gradnauer and his “child” - the Kibbutz Cheruth in: The Jews of Hameln from their beginnings in the 13th century to their extermination by the Nazi regime , Holzminden, 2011, pp. 94–97.
- Beate Klostermann-Reimers and Ulrike Pilarczyk: The Jewish emigration project 'Kibbutz Cherut' near Hameln 1925–1930 . In: Medaon 12 (2018), 22 ( online )
Web links
- Detailed description by the Hameln historian Bernhard Gelderblom
- Kibbutz Cheruth (Kommune Freiheit) at Hamelner-Geschichte.de
- Description of the kibbutz by Hermann Gradnauer
Individual evidence
- ↑ After 80 years back in Hameln in Dewezet on August 15, 2013
- ^ Jewish writers in Westphalia : Arie Goral-Sternheim