Kidurzaisruli
Kidurzaisruli ( Georgian კიდურწაისრული , kʼɪdʊrt͡sʼɑɪsrʊlɪ ; German for example: "pointed arrow") is a calligraphic , decorative variant of the Georgian script Assomtawruli . Stylistically it is related to Latin serif fonts. Their peculiarity are the letter strokes terminated by triangular, arrow-shaped elements. Kidurzaisruli script appeared as a decorative alphabet for inscriptions only at the end of the 10th century and was widely used until the middle of the 11th century. Some of the inscriptions date from the 12th century; among them are the inscriptions of the crosses of King Dawit IV the Builder and of Queen Tamar . Some Kidurzaisruli inscriptions in the Samtawissi , Tighwi and Nikorzminda cathedrals are also dated to the 12th century . In these inscriptions, however, the arrow-shaped ending is no longer a main feature. A Georgian inscription from Ani dated 1218 is considered a variant of the Kidurzaisruli script .
The historical name of this Georgian font is unknown. It was not until 1926 that the Georgian scientist Ivan Jawachishvili described the script . Javakhishvili called them Tqubzwetiani ( Georgian ტყუბწვეტიანი , German "double- thorn "). In 1942 Lewan Muschelischwili used the term Kidurisrebiani ( Georgian კიდურისრებიანი , German about "with arrows at the end"), but he continued to use the term Tqubzwetiani. The name Kidurzaisruli , which is widely used today , does not appear until the 1970s and goes back to the paleographer Valeri Silogawa.
There is no agreement among scholars as to where the Kidurzaisrusli script could have originated. Until the 1940s, evidence of the Kidurzaisruli was only found in Eastern Georgia and especially in the Inner Kartlien region. Therefore it was assumed that it was an East Georgian font. However, later inscriptions in Kidurzaisrulic script were also found in western Georgia. The oldest of these is located in the Bagrati Cathedral (978-1001), in the western Georgian region of Imereti . Several inscriptions have also been found in Abkhazia . According to today's data, around 50 Kidurzaisruli inscriptions have been examined and Western Georgian examples now predominate. For this reason, Kidurzaisruli seems to have originated in western Georgia. In 2013, the historian Buba Kudawa found two Kidurzaisruli inscriptions on the wall of the Ishchani Church in the historic South Georgian region of Tao-Klardschetien (now Turkey ) ; Accordingly, the distribution of Kidurzaisruli covers the entire area of medieval Georgia, regardless of the place of origin .
literature
- Silogawa, Valeri , Encyclopedia Georgian Language, Tiflis 2008, pp. 270-271 (Georgian: ვ. სილოგავა, ენციკლოპედია ქართული ენა, თბილისი, 2008, გვ. 270-271).
- Dschawachischili, Iwane , Georgische Schriftenlehre or Paläografie, Tbilisi, 1949 (Georgian: ივ. ჯავახიშვილი, ქართული დამწერლობათა-მცოდნეობა ანუ პალეოგრაფია, თბილისი, 1949).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kudawa, Buba , Two New Inscriptions from Ischchani Church, II International Symposium - Georgian Manuscript, Theses, Tiflis, 2013, pp. 84–86 (Georgian: ბუბა კუდავა, ორი ახალი წარწერა იშხნის ტაძრიდან, II საერთაშორისო სიმპოზიუმი - ქართული ხელნაწერი, მოხსენებათა თეზისები, თბილისი, 2013, გვ.) 84-86