Kimek
The Kimek (also written Kimak) were a Turkic-speaking tribal federation in Central Asia in the area around the Irtysh River .
Kimek probably also denotes a dominant tribe within the Federation.
The origins of the federation are unclear, an important part was the Kipchak people .
With the fall of the Second Türk Kaganat in 742, the Kimek-Kipchak Federation came into being. After the fall of the Uyghur Kaganat in 840, the Kimek - like the Karluks and Kirghiz - took over the title of Kagan .
In contrast to other steppe kingdoms , the Kimek lived far away from the urban centers - such as China or the southern oases - were therefore not dependent on the proximity of trading partners or looting targets. According to the Persian historian Abu Said Gardezi , who died in 1061, the Kimek-Kipchak Federation comprised seven tribes:
The Kipchaks , who formed the western part of the federation, lived on the central Syr-Darya and around the Aral Sea . At the beginning of the 11th century they moved west and expelled the Ogus from their land. As a result, the Kipchaks became more powerful and gained power within the Federation.
In 924 the Kitan who lived in Manchuria began an offensive to the west, defeating the Kyrgyz in Mongolia and then the Uyghurs , Tanguts and Tuyuhun .
This triggered a westward migration in the Eurasian steppe, which also caused the decline of the Kaganat towards the end of the 10th or beginning of the 11th century. After the end of the Kimek Kaganat, part of the Kipchak migrated further west.
literature
- Jürgen Paul : Central Asia. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2012 ( New Fischer World History , Volume 10).
Individual evidence
- ↑ J. Paul: Zentralasien, p. 156