Children's recreation home Oberrochwitz
The Oberrochwitz Children's Recreation Home was a Jewish recreation home for children and young people in the Rochwitz district of Dresden . The building, which is now used as a residential building, is listed as a cultural monument in the city of Dresden's list of monuments .
history
Construction and use until 1933
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Dresden entrepreneur Julius Guttentag began organizing recreational stays for children and young people. Initially, these holiday stays took place in rented properties in Klotzsche , Ullersdorf and Loschwitz . After making considerable financial resources available, the Israelite Religious Community Dresden and the Marie-Ascher-Foundation acquired a plot of land on today's Karpatenstrasse in Rochwitz in 1907. The home was sponsored by the Jewish Fraternitas Lodge , an association of Jewish men that was part of the B'nai B'rith religious order founded in 1843 and was committed to the care and promotion of the humanitarian idea of humanity in Judaism and to support the poor and needy. The children's rest home of the Zion Lodge UOBB on Norderney also emerged from the B'nai B'rith order .
According to plans by the architect Johannes Lehnert , a two-story building with a loft was built. The facade was clad in wood. On the ground floor the home had two dining rooms, separated for boys and girls, and a kitchen. The dormitories for children and carers were located on the upper floor. The opening ceremony took place on July 4, 1909. A few days later, the Saxon King Friedrich August III. the House. Shortly afterwards, the President of the Fraternitas Lodge was invited to an official meal in the palace, which was seen as a significant upgrade of the Jewish Lodge in public life.
Before the National Socialists came to power , up to 100 children were able to spend their summer holidays in the Rochwitz convalescent home. Thanks to financial support from the Fraternitas Lodge and the Marie Ascher Foundation, the stay was free. Only the food costs had to be borne by the parents, although an exemption was possible for poorer families. In addition to Jewish children, children from Christian families were also allowed to use the facility. Outside the summer vacation, the elderly and those recovering could relax in the home. In 1924 the attic was expanded to accommodate additional staff bedrooms. The world president of the Cincinnati- based order visited the Rochwitz holiday home in 1927.
Expropriation by the National Socialists
After Hitler came to power there were serious changes for the Jewish home. In order to counter the increasing repression , courses for Jews willing to emigrate were held from December 1933, in which, in addition to language courses, household and gardening skills were taught in order to facilitate a new start in exile. The dormitories on the upper floor were converted into single rooms to accommodate the participants. The rest home was now only available for children in the winter months.
On the basis of the law on the confiscation of property hostile to the people and the state of July 14, 1933, the Saxon governor Martin Mutschmann issued an ordinance on the expropriation of the property on January 7, 1938. The Rochwitz Children's Recreation Home was confiscated and transferred to the State of Saxony . The Fraternitas Lodge had already been banned a year earlier. New users from 1940 onwards were the Nazi women's association , which set up a training center here.
Use after 1945
After the end of the war, the former children's rest home was initially placed under fiduciary management and used as a residential building. Three years later the Jewish community got their property back, but sold it to the Saxon State Credit Bank in 1949 . After the plan to set up a school for the company or another children's home in the building was abandoned, the Dresden University of Technology took over the building and used it as a student residence until around 1965. Afterwards it became the property of the state-owned agricultural machine combine Progress based in Neustadt in Saxony , which set up a project planning office for industrial agro-plants here. The state- owned company was converted into a GmbH in 1990 and went bankrupt in 2000. In 2009 the property was sold. Today the historic building is used as a residential building.
See also
- Children's recreation home of the Zion Lodge UOBB , another children's home in the vicinity of the B'nai B'rith .
literature
- Marlis Behrisch / Rolf Gäbel: The Jewish children's recreation home in Oberrochwitz , in: Elbhangkurier, January 2014 edition, pp. 20/21.
- Searching for traces - Jews in Dresden: A companion through the city , Publisher: Dölling u. Galitz, 1995. ISBN 978-3930802111 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Dresden themed city map , accessed on May 22, 2014.
Coordinates: 51 ° 2 ′ 50.6 " N , 13 ° 50 ′ 29.7" E