Klei

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For land reclamation, ditches are dug at the edge of the wading, so that the silt condenses into clay soil

When clay is called dewatered sludge , an extremely fine, marine sediment whose grain into the clay can range area. The word Klei comes from Middle Low German and is derived from glue , as Kleiboden tends to adhere stubbornly to shoes.

On the coast , the origin of the clay soil is the sedimentation of mud flats or mixed mud flats , in the estuaries clay can also arise from silt fall and subsequent drainage of the sediment. In some cases, tidal flats fell dry naturally or through dykes , so that today they are inland as marshy soil . The soil consists of a maximum of 50% sand , the soil type is therefore clayey to silty .

Strongly cohesive marshy soils are called Kleimarsch , Knickmarsch or Dwogmarsch in northern Germany . In some areas, cohesive soils of other origins are also referred to as clay.

use

Application of the clay layer when building a dike in Büsum (North Sea)

The clay soils of the marshes are generally relatively fertile. The soil values ​​of a Kleimarsch are between 65 and 70. However, they are also minute soils that only allow short processing periods per year.

Because of its high cohesiveness, Kleiboden is traditionally used in dike construction , as well as in the construction of terps . Where dykes used to consist exclusively of clay, today this is no longer possible with the significantly higher and wider sea ​​dikes on the North Sea , Lower Elbe and Lower Weser , because clay is only available in limited quantities. Instead, modern dykes consist of a sand core to which only a one to two meter thick layer of clay is applied. It is not waterproof, but it slows down the inland water flow so that the water only seeps without being erosive . The seepage water is drained on the land side via drains .

Kleiboden is unsuitable as a building site, because its fine texture deforms under the action of water and the buildings sink in.

See also

literature

  • H. Streif: The East Frisian coastal area - North Sea, islands, mud flats and marshes. (= Collection Geological leader. 57). 2nd, completely revised edition. Brothers Borntraeger, Berlin / Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-443-15051-9 .

Web links

Wiktionary: Klei  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ H.-E. Reineck, W. Siefert: Factors of the silt formation in the Sahlenburger and Neuwerker Watt. In: The coast. 35, 1980, pp. 26-51.