Little Diomede Island
| Little Diomede Island | ||
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| Waters | Bering Strait | |
| Archipelago | Diomedes Islands | |
| Geographical location | 65 ° 45 '15 " N , 168 ° 55' 25" W | |
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| surface | 7.36 km² | |
| Highest elevation | 393 m | |
| Residents | 115 (2010) 16 inhabitants / km² |
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| main place | Diomede | |
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Little Diomede Island (German: Kleine Diomedes Island ), formerly also named after the admiral of the Russian fleet Adam Johann von Krusenstern Krusenstern Island , is an island belonging to the US state of Alaska and forms with the Russian Ratmanow Island located about 4 km to the west ( Big Diomede Iceland ) and the uninhabited fairway rock , the group of the Diomede Islands .
geography
Little Diomede Island , located in the Bering Strait , has a land area of 7.36 km². The island consists of granite with an age of 66-97 million years. The land rises from the coast with steep slopes (about 45 ° inclination) to a relatively flat rocky summit plateau at about 350 m height.
In the settlement of Diomede still live in almost untouched nature Eskimo tribes, in whose language the island is called Iŋaliq . The population is (as of 2010) 115 people in 47 residential units (9 of which are currently vacant). Since 1990 the population has decreased by about a third. While the entire island is administratively part of the urban area of Diomede, the actual settlement, which the locals also call Iŋaliq , is located on the northwest corner of the island.
The international date line runs less than 1.5 km off the west coast of Little Diomede Island . The neighboring Ratmanov Island, which already belongs to Russia, can be seen with the naked eye.
climate
The island's climate is characterized by an abrupt seasonal change. During the ice-free period (June to November) there is a maritime climate with average summer temperatures of around 5 to 10 ° C. In winter, after the Bering Strait and the Chukchi Sea have frozen over , there is a cold continental climate with average temperatures of −14 to −23 ° C.
Flora and fauna
The vegetation on Little Diomede Island is limited to low-growing herbaceous plants ; Trees and bushes are missing.
The island's steep cliffs offer nesting opportunities for around two million seabirds such as crested and dwarf balk in summer .
The nutrient-rich waters around the island are home to numerous fish and crustaceans ( Paralithodes platypus ), which in turn form the foodstuff for marine mammals such as walruses , bearded , largha , ringed and ribbon seals as well as humpback , white , gray and bowhead whales . When the Bering Strait is frozen over, polar bears appear in the Diomedes Islands area.
history
The island may have served the Eskimos as a settlement for over 3000 years. The place called Iŋaliq by the locals , initially used as a seasonal hunting base, developed over time into a year-round inhabited community. The navigator Vitus Bering , who is in Russian service, sighted the archipelago on August 16, July. / August 27, 1728 greg. and named it after the early Christian martyr Diomedes of Tarsus , who was venerated in the Russian Orthodox Church and on whose feast day the sighting took place.
Economy and Infrastructure
The remoteness and the rugged terrain as well as the harsh climate affect the economic development of the island. The local population mainly operates subsistence farming ; The basis of livelihood is formed by hunting seals, polar bears and whales, depending on the season, as well as fishing. Paid jobs are mainly in the public sector; unemployment is 40%. Handicrafts (ivory carving) and the traditional manufacture of clothing from polar bear and seal skins provide additional sources of income. Tourism also contributes to a small extent to the island's economic power; Both the community and private individuals offer accommodation. The island is visited twice a year by cruise ships.
There is neither a port nor an airport on the island. Access is provided by a helipad and, in winter, when the sea is frozen over, by a landing strip on the ice. The island itself is accessed by footpaths and boardwalks. The public infrastructure consists of a school with a library, a church building, a small clinic, a public wash house and other buildings for the local administration. The power supply is ensured by a diesel generator. A water tank is used to supply the population with drinking water. The entire infrastructure is (as of 2011) in poor condition and needs to be repaired or renewed. There is no regulated disposal of waste water and waste.
photos
Diomedes Islands, the Small Diomedes Island on the left in the picture
Resident of the Diomedes Islands (1930)
Small Diomedes Island
(view from Ratmanov Island)
Iñupiat settlement Iŋaliq (Diomede)
Web links
- Community Profile: Little Diomede. More information with photos. In: The Harriman Retraced Expedition. Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), accessed on November 10, 2016 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Frederick William Beechey: Narrative of a voyage to the Pacific and Beering's strait, to co-operate with the polar expeditions: performed in His Majesty's ship Blossom, under the command of Captain FW Beechey, RN, FRS & c. in the years 1825, 26, 27, 28 . tape 1 . Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, London 1831, p. 338 (English, online ).
- ^ Lyn Gualtieri, Julie Brigham-Grette : The Age and Origin of the Little Diomede Island Upland Surface . In: Arctic . tape 54 , no. 1 . Arctic Institute of North America, March 2001, ISSN 0004-0843 , p. 13 , doi : 10.14430 / arctic759 (English).
- ^ Diomede City, Alaska. Community facts. In: American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau , accessed May 14, 2017 (in English, type diomede in the search box ).
- ↑ Diomede Planning Organizations and Kawerak Community Planning and Development (ed.): Diomede Local Economic Development Plan 2012-2017 . January 10, 2013, 4.1 Diomede Census Data, p. 43 f . (English, online [PDF; 1.4 MB ; accessed on May 14, 2017]). online ( Memento of the original dated December 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Sven Less: Four kilometers, twenty-three hours. Between Alaska and Russia: Diomede Island. In: FAZ.NET . July 1, 2015, accessed November 10, 2016 .
- ↑ Diomede Planning Organizations and Kawerak Community Planning and Development (ed.): Diomede Local Economic Development Plan 2012-2017 . January 10, 2013, 5.3 Climate, p. 49 (English, online [PDF; 1.4 MB ; accessed on May 14, 2017]). online ( Memento of the original dated December 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Diomede Planning Organizations and Kawerak Community Planning and Development (ed.): Diomede Local Economic Development Plan from 2012 to 2017 . January 10, 2013, 5.2 Vegetation, p. 49 (English, online [PDF; 1.4 MB ; accessed on May 14, 2017]). online ( Memento of the original dated December 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Diomede Planning Organizations and Kawerak Community Planning and Development (ed.): Diomede Local Economic Development Plan from 2012 to 2017 . January 10, 2013, 3.1 Location, p. 13 (English, online [PDF; 1.4 MB ; accessed on May 14, 2017]). online ( Memento of the original dated December 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Diomede Planning Organizations and Kawerak Community Planning and Development (ed.): Diomede Local Economic Development Plan 2012-2017 . January 10, 2013, 5.4 Wildlife, p. 50 (English, online [PDF; 1.4 MB ; accessed on May 14, 2017]). online ( Memento of the original dated December 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Diomede Planning Organizations and Kawerak Community Planning and Development (ed.): Diomede Local Economic Development Plan 2012-2017 . January 10, 2013, 3.2 History and Culture, p. 14 (English, online [PDF; 1.4 MB ; accessed on May 14, 2017]). online ( Memento of the original dated December 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ August 16: Orthodox. In: Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints . Joachim Schäfer, accessed on May 14, 2017 .
- ↑ Diomede Planning Organizations and Kawerak Community Planning and Development (ed.): Diomede Local Economic Development Plan 2012-2017 . January 10, 2013, 4.2 Employment and the Economy, p. 45 f . (English, online [PDF; 1.4 MB ; accessed on May 14, 2017]). online ( Memento of the original dated December 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Diomede Planning Organizations and Kawerak Community Planning and Development (ed.): Diomede Local Economic Development Plan 2012-2017 . January 10, 2013, 3.4 Community Infrastructure, p. 22–42 (English, online [PDF; 1.4 MB ; accessed on May 14, 2017]). online ( Memento of the original dated December 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
