Coal dump
The term coal pile refers to a pile of coal. It is not to be confused with mine dump ("deaf rock").
Coal heaps can be interim storage facilities (between extraction and removal, e.g. at a port, or between delivery and incineration, e.g. near a coal-fired power station ).
For decades, coal heaps in Germany and other European countries were a symbol of a coal policy that shied away from adapting overproduction to the declining demand (e.g. with more party shifts or more colliery closures). The falling demand was and is called the coal crisis or colliery death.
In early 1959, Der Spiegel reported that Belgium had almost seven million tons of coal (a quarter of Belgium's annual production) in dump; France had an eighth of the annual production and Germany a tenth on coal heaps.
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In Germany, the Port of Duisburg (the largest inland port in Europe) and the Port of Hamburg (more precisely: the Hansaport part of the port ) are major transshipment locations for imported coal. The coal arrives there in bulk carriers .
Others
Coal heaps can self-ignite . See coal fire and burning heap
They have diffuse coal dust emissions (from wind and the influence of weather). In order to avoid this and fire, some of them are sprinkled with water.
Covered or closed storage rooms for the temporary storage of coal are called coal bunkers or coal silos.
Terms such as coal dump, butter mountain , milk lake and wine lake named consequences of political actions of the EC (the predecessor of the EU), especially in a crisis phase (" Eurosclerosis ") from 1973 to 1984.
Statistics (Germany)
Stocks at the mines, colliery coking plants and briquette factories (excluding company stocks)
1 = 1000 tons (1,000 = 1 million tons)
Hard coals
(Stocks at the end of each year)
Ruhr Saar Aachen Ibben- Bundes- büren republik
1957 265 7 1 18 291 1961 4.836 1.180 391 546 6.953 1962 3.148 752 220 657 4.777 1963 1.220 444 68 649 2.381 1964 5.572 303 177 788 6.840 1965 10.308 1.040 549 916 12.813 1966 11.292 2.227 714 966 15.199 1967 9.379 3.395 442 881 14.097 1968 4.574 3.036 293 525 8.428 1969 937 1.299 92 229 2.557 1970 374 231 218 119 942 1971 3.299 6 839 152 4.296 1972 6.224 27 1.263 150 7.664 1973 6.529 3 1.120 31 7.683 1974 1.184 1 268 14 1.467 1975 4.571 991 689 137 6.388 1976 3.355 1.041 216 118 4.730 1977 4.073 1.764 711 272 6.820 1978 2.843 906 393 343 4.485 1979 2.021 640 334 347 3.342 1980 2.405 653 382 682 4.122 1981 3.675 1.065 558 1.154 6.452 1982 7.065 2.037 889 1.629 11.620 1983 5.546 1.705 1.231 1.680 10.162 1984 3.461 1.338 1.336 1.852 7.987 1985 4.668 880 1.145 2.067 8.760 1986 4.962 1.127 1.105 1.875 9.069 1987 4.606 1.578 1.126 1.677 8.987 1988 5.372 1.270 1.349 1.916 9.907 1989 5.279 953 1.399 1.789 9.420 1990 6.887 1.031 1.328 1.641 10.887 1991 7.230 868 1.157 1.364 10.619 1992 11.612 1.169 1.292 1.349 15.422 1993 12.920 1.300 1.021 1.381 16.622 1994 8.460 644 702 1.414 11.220 1995 6.422 804 809 1.324 9.359 1996 6.738 1.055 381 1.054 9.228 1997 6.351 1.074 69 738 8.232 1998 4.487 1.379 63 793 6.722 1999 5.397 1.149 34 516 7.096 2000 4.241 771 53 187 5.252 2001 2.649 1.005 62 177 3.893 2002 2.678 1.336 94 176 4.284 2003 1.932 1.670 82 258 3.942 2004 1.902 1.554 108 311 3.875 2005 2.449 933 116 345 3.843 2006 2.446 1.160 65 433 4.104 2007 2.890 980 20 362 4.252 2008 3.089 217 - 282 3.588 2009 3.077 176 - 143 3.396 2010 2.861 364 - 152 3.377 2011 2.690 274 - 173 3.137 2012 2.613 23 - 182 2.818 2013 2.528 5 - 205 2.738
Source: Statistics of the Coal Industry eV
The statistics show that there was a first high period of coal heaps from 1965 to 1968. Both in the Ruhr mining industry and in the Saar mines there was an unusually large amount of funding. The post-war boom ended in 1966; gross domestic product fell for the first time since 1949. In the course of 1966, stocks rose from 6,840,000 tons to 12,813,000 tons - an increase of almost 6 million tons or 87.3 percent.
In 1974 the first oil crisis shaped the situation: demand exceeded production; the coal heaps became smaller (from 7,683,000 tons at the beginning of 1974 to 1,467,000 tons - a decrease of 6,216,000 tons).
During the second oil crisis in 1979, stocks fell much less (see table).
In the 1980s, nine commercial nuclear power plants were connected to the West German power grid; this reduced the need for coal. These nine had a total of 11,474 MW net electrical output.
In 1992 stocks increased by 4.8 million tons; an increase of 45.2 percent. That year ended a boom that had started in 1990 ( German reunification ). See Germany's economy # reunification .
Coal coke
(Stocks at the end of each year)
Ruhr Saar Aachen Bundes- republik
1957 464 41 3 510 # 1961 4.648 75 16 4.740 # 1962 4.693 99 5 4.797 # 1963 1.371 4 29 1.403 # 1964 907 17 3 927 # 1965 2.478 44 18 2.539 # 1966 5.104 53 46 5.203 # 1967 3.620 93 18 3.732 # 1968 1.043 21 13 1.077 # 1969 17 9 9 35 1970 239 28 22 289 1971 5.128 34 69 5.231 1972 8.353 60 91 8.504 1973 7.110 7 35 7.152 1974 1.482 - - 1.482 1975 7.414 32 438 7.884 1976 8.698 31 725 9.454 1977 10.937 115 1.191 12.243 1978 9.782 52 663 10.497 1979 3.294 20 327 3.641 1980 3.176 49 95 3.320 1981 3.726 38 195 3.959 1982 7.476 132 462 8.070 1983 8.539 64 758 9.361 1984 4.026 13 533 4.572 1985 1.552 83 149 1.784 1986 3.861 90 237 4.188 1987 5.117 96 429 5.642 1988 4.131 29 503 4.663 1989 3.262 33 258 3.553 1990 3.791 135 170 4.096 1991 3.580 211 94 3.865 1992 4.576 224 - 4.800 1993 4.673 225 - 4.898 1994 2.930 56 - 2.986 1995 1.634 65 - 1.699 1996 1.270 194 - 1.464 1997 947 179 - 1.126 1998 1.325 169 - 1.494 1999 1.375 186 - 1.561 2000 1.456 89 - 1.545 2001 905 24 - 929 2002 491 1 - 492 2003 356 1 - 357 2004 157 1 - 158 2005 64 1 - 65 2006 156 1 - 157 2007 89 1 - 90 2008 151 1 - 152 2009 88 1 - 89 2010 69 1 - 70 2011 0* - - 0 2012 - - - - 2013 - - - -
* = 5 Restbestände nach Kokereiverkauf # = einschließlich Ibbenbüren
Coal and coke together
(Stocks at the end of each year) (coke converted into coal)
1957 955 1961 13.115 1962 11.013 1963 4.205 1964 8.062 1965 16.128 1966 21.966 1967 18.951 1968 9.839 1969 2.608 1970 1.325 1971 11.110 1972 18.720 1973 16.981 1974 3.394 1975 16.667 1976 17.046 1977 22.742 1978 18.153 1979 8.080 1980 8.457 1981 11.623 1982 22.135 1983 22.362 1984 13.945 1985 11.079 1986 14.515 1987 16.322 1988 15.968 1989 14.039 1990 16.211 1991 15.669 1992 21.665 1993 23.009 1994 15.102 1995 11.574 1996 11.130 1997 9.702 1998 8.664 1999 9.136 2000 7.269 2001 5.107 2002 4.926 2003 4.412 2004 4.085 2005 3.932 2006 4.315 2007 4.372 2008 3.785 2009 3.512 2010 3.467 2011 3.137 2012 2.818 2013 2.738
Footnotes
- ↑ Der Spiegel 9/1959: The end of the closed season
- ↑ Herbert Zuber: Thermophile bacteria. In: Chemistry in Our Time. 13, 1979, pp. 165-175, doi : 10.1002 / ciuz.19790130602 .
- ↑ www.kohlenstatistik.de
- ↑ the Mülheim-Kärlich nuclear power plant with 1219 MW was soon taken off the grid again, leaving 10,255 MW