Duisburg-Ruhrort ports
| Duisburg-Ruhrort ports | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Data | |||
| UN / LOCODE | DE DUI | ||
| owner | City of Duisburg | ||
| operator | Duisburger Hafen AG | ||
| Port type | Port and lands | ||
| Throughput | 65.3 million t (2018) | ||
| Container (TEU) | 4.1 million TEU (2018) | ||
| website | http://www.duisport.de/ | ||
| Geographic information | |||
| place | Duisburg Ruhrort | ||
| country | North Rhine-Westphalia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
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| Coordinates | 51 ° 27 '9 " N , 6 ° 45' 36" E | ||
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The Duisburg-Ruhrorter ports are located in Duisburg at the confluence of the Ruhr with the Rhine . They are considered to be the largest inland port in Europe , and when all public and private port facilities are taken as a whole, they are the largest inland ports in the world. With a total area of 10 km², the area of the actual port stretches from the port basin at the mouth of the Ruhr along the Rhine up to Duisburg- Rheinhausen .
The Duisburger Hafen AG is the property and management company of the Port of Duisburg . The duisport Group offers full service packages for the port and logistics location in the areas of infrastructure and superstructure including settlement management. In addition, the subsidiaries provide logistical services such as setting up and optimizing transport and logistics chains, rail freight transport services, building management and packaging logistics.
Location and functions
The 21 public harbor basins have a water surface of over 180 ha . The bank is 40 km long, 15 km of which is transshipment bank with siding . There are around 1.5 million m² of covered storage space available. The total throughput in 2009 was 44.4 million t , of which ship throughput 12.1 million t, rail throughput 10.7 million t. Together with the rail and truck handling and including the eight private works ports in the north and south of the city, the port recorded a total handling of 133 million t in 2016 (2015: 129 million t). In the pan-European waterway network, the port of Duisburg is the hinterland hub to the seaports of Amsterdam , Emden , Rotterdam , Antwerp and Hamburg . In these North Sea ports, goods are also reloaded from ocean-going vessels to inland vessels and are largely transported via Duisburg to the European hinterland. Conversely, there are also direct ship connections from Duisburg via the Rhine and Maas to overseas. The port of Duisburg therefore also functions as the southernmost seaport in Germany. Many shipping companies in the port maintain river-sea connections to a total of around one hundred European ports. Around two million tons of cargo are handled every year on around 2000 river-going seagoing vessels.
Around 250 companies are based in the port of Duisburg. About 36,000 jobs, 11% of all Duisburg jobs, depend on this port. The total added value linked to the port amounts to more than 2.2 billion euros. The Duisport Group, which was founded in 2000 and consists of Duisburger Hafen AG and other subsidiaries, employs around 600 people. So far, the group has been owned equally by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia , the city of Duisburg and the Federal Republic of Germany . The federal government announced at the end of August 2011 that it would sell its stake. Around half a billion euros are invested every year.
In addition, two of the six church naves in Germany operate in Duisburg harbor , namely one each for the Catholic and Protestant churches.
history
Ruhrort harbor
The nucleus of the port is today's Ruhrort district of Duisburg . The Klevian town of Ruhrort was already a shipping point at the beginning of modern times . In 1665 a boatmen's guild was founded in Ruhrort. Its members operated as coal traders in the cities upstream of the Rhine.
In 1701 Ruhrort became Prussian . The first modern shipyard was built in 1712. But there was no suitable transshipment point outside the city gates, so the ships had to anchor on the Rhine. The boatmen therefore demanded the construction of a port. In 1715, the Ruhrort magistrate decided to build a harbor basin "from the fort gate to the Ruhrpforte". Construction work began in the autumn of the same year. However, the construction work progressed slowly, mainly due to bad weather conditions. On September 16, 1716, the magistrate passed another resolution for the rapid construction of the port. This decision is now considered to be the birth of the Ruhrorter Hafen. As the first house outside the Ruhrort city wall , what is now known as the Hanielsche Stammhaus was built in 1756. In 1828 Franz Haniel opened a shipyard for the construction of steamers . From 1766, the Prussian government took over the administration of the Ruhrort port facilities and determinedly ensured their further expansion. In the years 1837 to 1842 the lock port was built, which was connected to the island port by a piercing .
In 1848 the track was connected to the network of the Cologne-Minden Railway Company in Oberhausen . This was cheaper than crossing the Ruhr estuary. The Homberg railway port was built by 1850, where from 1852 the Ruhrort – Homberg trajectory established the connection across the Rhine to Aachen via Krefeld and Mönchengladbach . In 1867 a connection to the main line of the Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft was established. This happened in Styrum , because Duisburg (-Hochfeld) was at the time at the western end of the Ruhr area; a connection from or to Duisburg therefore seemed unnecessary.
The north and south ports were laid out in the years 1860 to 1867 and the Ruhr moved south. The Kaiserhafen was built by 1890, the construction of which dragged on for almost twenty years and required another relocation of the Ruhr. The total water area at the beginning of the 20th century was 53.3 hectares. In 1901, the Schifferbörse in Ruhrort was set up on the Rheinreede . It was used to conclude ship freight and towing transactions between the owners of the ships and the forwarders. Official towing and freight wages for German inland shipping were set here every day .
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The merger with the port of Duisburg
Port facilities were not only built in the Ruhrort north of the Ruhr, but also in the larger and more important Duisburg south of the Ruhr.
Due to the relocation of the Rhine, Duisburg no longer had a direct connection to the electricity. For this reason, the resident merchants founded the Rheinkanal-Aktienverein with the aim of reconnecting the old town center to the Rhine.
After four years of construction, the Rhine Canal was opened in 1832. The outer harbor and the inland part, the inner harbor, were created . Later, in 1844, the Ruhr Canal , which created the connection between the Rhine Canal and the Ruhr, was completed. Duisburg now had a direct connection to the rivers again and was in direct competition with the Ruhrort ports. After the port facilities had been widened in Duisburg 1882-1883 and extended, which was created in 1899 parallel to the outer port, parallel port .
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Duisburg part of the port had grown to a total water area of around 51 hectares. In 1901 the Rheinau harbor area was built . Initially, three additional, large harbor basins with a connection to the Rhine were planned for the Neuenkamp area.
Similar scales were also planned for the Ruhrort port expansion. While the Ruhrort ports were under the supervision of the Prussian state, the ports in Duisburg were maintained and operated by the city. The simultaneous expansion of both port areas gave rise to fears that the competing plans would result in overcapacities in both cities .
So on October 1, 1905, after long disputes, the two port companies formed an operating partnership. The Ruhr tax authorities and the city of Duisburg founded the administration of the Duisburg-Ruhrorther ports . At the same time, at the urging of the Prussian government, the cities of Duisburg, Ruhrort and Meiderich , on whose territory the Ruhrort ports had already expanded, were merged to form the new city of Duisburg. The population doubled within ten years from around 110,000 to 230,000. The construction of the port canal and port basins A, B and C planned by the city of Ruhrort was initially postponed, but was then carried out until 1908.
In 1914 the oval island port was largely filled in and the lock port was included in the expansion of the Vincke Canal . There was also a connection to the Rhine-Herne Canal , through which the ports found a connection to the West German canal network .
On July 24, 1924, the Prussian Landtag passed the law on the transfer of the state port facilities in Duisburg to a stock corporation , thus creating the legal prerequisites for the conversion of the community of interests and operations into a stock corporation . On September 30, 1924, the Duisburg-Ruhrorter Häfen Aktiengesellschaft was founded. Two thirds of the shareholders were the State of Prussia and one third the city of Duisburg. In 1926 no other German inland port reached the Duisburg ports. The total traffic (receipt and dispatch) in Duisburg was around 34 million t, while it was only 18 million t in Berlin and around 9 million t in the Mannheim area.
The increase in industrial production and the huge demand for raw materials by industrial companies at the confluence of the Rhine and Ruhr rivers led to Duisburg's rise as the center of all navigation on the Rhine. In 1929 Duisburg had about 440,000 inhabitants and merged with Hamborn and the northern municipalities of the Düsseldorf district.
The Second World War and its consequences
During the Second World War , the ports were largely devastated. Duisburg had to endure around 300 air raids during the war , of which on May 13, 1943, the heaviest that, according to British information, a German city had experienced up to then. The old town of Duisburg was almost 90% destroyed. On October 14 and 15, 1944, three waves of more than a thousand bombers rolled over the city and dropped 5,500 tons of bombs, one and a half times what has fallen over the entire city since the beginning of the war.
After the capitulation , almost all the important bridges in Duisburg had been destroyed or blown up by the company's own troops, including all five Rhine bridges and the most important Ruhr and canal bridges. There were 313 sunk and 96 damaged ships in the port basins that blocked the mouth of the Ruhr and the port basin. Shipping and rail traffic had come to a standstill. The supply network and the infrastructure could initially only be restored provisionally after the end of the war. The Haus-Knipp railway bridge was the first to be restored over the Rhine . The Allies built a makeshift railway bridge between Hochfeld and Rheinhausen, but it was blown up again as early as 1946 because it hindered shipping traffic on the Rhine. For the most part, ferries now made the connection across the Rhine. The Aacker ferry bridge was the first Ruhr bridge to be rebuilt in 1946. Traffic in the ports was slow to develop. At just under 4.4 million tons, not even 20% of the pre-war handling was achieved. Until the early 1950s, the port was rebuilt step by step. On March 11, 1949, the Karl-Lehr-Brücke was reopened, the arch of which over the Ruhr came from the Hohenzollern Bridge in Cologne . At the end of the war it was sold to Duisburg for iron purchase certificates. In the course of the subsequent economic upswing , the cargo handling in the Duisburg ports increased continuously.
The port threatened to silt up
River bed regulation on the Upper Rhine , dyke construction and shipping have an undesirable side effect: the Rhine digs four centimeters into the ground every year, that is four meters in a hundred years. Not only does the water level of the Rhine sink, but also that of the port basins and canals that flow into it, making them shallower and shallower. The remedy in the 1950s caused a worldwide sensation: The Duisburgers used the mining industry common in the Ruhr area and lowered the entire port area through targeted subsidence. Dredging the port basin alone would have greatly reduced the water surface because of the sloping bank slopes. Instead, they advanced to a depth of six hundred meters and mined twelve million tons of coal in the 1950s and 1960s. The harbor sank and the water in the basins rose up to two meters.
Development until the mid-1980s
In the mid-1950s, the handling of the ports in Duisburg reached the pre-war level of almost 35 million t. Until the 1980s, there was a continuous increase in the handling result. The most important cargo handled were iron ores, mineral oils , coal , iron , steel , gravel and sand , scrap and grain . In the course of the conversion of energy production from coal to mineral oil, transshipment and tank facilities for crude oil products were soon built , which are connected to the refineries in the Ruhr area via pipelines .
Port basins were filled in several times: the Ruhrorter Kaiserhafen , located between Südhafen and Basin A, disappeared two-thirds in 1968 and completely in 1998. The Hellinghafen and Zollhafen were also completely filled in in the same year . In 1982 the small northern port in Hochfeld was filled. This created space for new, larger loading facilities and storage facilities.
The expansion of the Vinckekanal , the connection between the Rhine and the north and south ports in Ruhrort, began in 1983. The expansion has made it possible for more modern river-sea ships to take over the transport of bulk goods. Until the mid-1950s, the ships were mostly barges , but they were soon replaced by self-propelled boats , which in turn were replaced by push barges . Their share increased to up to 80% in the 1980s.
In 1983, a pusher boat service with six barges between the ports of Duisburg and Rotterdam was introduced on a trial basis . The Dutch Parliament gave permission for six-person push boats in 1987.
Already at the end of the 1970s there was a downward trend in the total turnover of German hard coal , but due to the modern coal mixing and loading facility built on the Ruhrorter coal island, Duisburg was able to record growth in coal as the second most important port cargo until the mid-1980s . The five coal terminals on the coal island have a total capacity of 10 million tons, of which half are currently (as of 2017) in use.
In the German inland shipping, container traffic became more and more important in the 1980s . In 1984 the first container terminal and the first roll-on / roll-off facility were built in the southern harbor on the filled area of the northern harbor . The Rhine-Ruhr Terminal was opened at the parallel port in May 1984 , and the Ruhr lock in Meiderich was modernized.
Structural change
In the course of the crisis in the iron and steel industry in the second half of the 1980s, the federal government endeavored to promote structural change in the coal and steel region on the Rhine and Ruhr with financial support . Among other things, Duisburg applied for the approval of a free port , which went into operation in 1991. With the opening of a station for combined transport , which connects the Ruhrort harbor via the so-called south curve with the north-south main line in German rail freight traffic, rail, road and water were linked at one point in 1992. Today trucks and containers are transported by rail from this station to national and international destinations.
In 1991 the Duisburg-Ruhrorter ports celebrated their 275th anniversary. The Deutsche Bundespost issued a special postage stamp on this occasion.
By 1995, the water-side connection of the container terminal as well as the train station for combined transport was made flood-proof and provided with a new bank structure.
In 1995 the 0.5 km² inner harbor was sold to the inner harbor Duisburg Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH . The narrowly limited bank facilities in Duisburg city center no longer met the requirements of a modern logistics concept. As part of the international building exhibition Emscher Park, the inner harbor was integrated into an urban concept ( working, living and living by the water ). At the Holzhafen , part of the inner harbor, the Eurogate designed by the English architect Sir Norman Foster is to become a symbol of the new Duisburg. The Speicherzeile is to be renovated, new office and service buildings are to be built, primarily on the north side.
In the 1990s, a handling terminal for imported coal was built on the site of the former Duisburg copper smelter. In 1997 the wholly-owned port company subsidiary Port Agency Duisburg GmbH (today duisport agency GmbH ) was founded, whose task is location marketing. In the same year the PCD Packing-Center-Duisburg was built , where high-quality goods are packed for sea transport . In 1998 the port took over the more than 2.56 km² area of the former Krupp iron and steel works with the Krupp port in Rheinhausen , which is being developed by Logport Logistic-Center Duisburg GmbH . For the first time, the Port of Duisburg also includes areas on the left bank of the Rhine. The port of Duisburg has twice been named “ Inland Port of the Year” by Binnenschiffahrt magazine . At the turn of the millennium, the structure of transshipment goods shifted away from bulk goods such as steel and coal to higher-quality general cargo and the associated container traffic. At the state political level, accompanying infrastructural measures are sought under the term of the " Iron Rhine " to be reactivated .
The port company has been operating under the name Duisburger Hafen AG since March 1, 2000 under the new duisport umbrella brand . An extensive cultural program will be offered along the harbor promenade at the end of July / beginning of August as part of a harbor festival, and the companies operating in the harbor will also present themselves. The highlight of the harbor festival is the high-altitude fireworks Ruhrort in Flammen , which bears the name Niederrhein in Flammen every three years .
The further development to a supra-regional logistics hub
The annual specialist congress Logistics Forum Duisburg has been taking place since 2000 . In 2001, Rhenus AG & Co.KG began to invest in the logport site, duisport rail GmbH was founded (as a railway company of Duisburger Hafen AG with transport services also in the wider area), and one of the largest logistics halls in Europe with mobile shelves in Commissioned (by CM Eurologistik GmbH of the Mackprang Group), as well as a rail logistics center ( EUROCenter ; operated by Wincanton , previously P&O Trans European ).
In autumn 2002 the DIT Duisburg Intermodal Terminal was opened as the logistical centerpiece in Duisburg-Rheinhausen (120,000 m², investment sum 30 million euros), which acts as an interface between the transport modes ship, rail and truck and as a hinterland hub (distribution center) for the serves the major North Sea ports of Rotterdam and Antwerp . Cooperation agreements exist with the ports of Memphis , Pittsburgh (USA), Bilbao (Spain), Xiamen (China), Dortmund , Middelburg (ESM / Zeeland Seaports) and Rotterdam (Netherlands), as well as Antwerp (Belgium; inter alia, participation in the Antwerp Gateway Terminal ). A marshalling yard will be built on the logport site and connected to the public rail network. Several regional and Europe-wide rail and ship shuttles as well as freight train connections are in operation.
Since the end of the 1990s, more than 50 new companies have settled in the duisport area, so that numerous jobs now depend on this goods handling location (end of 2006: 17,000 in Duisburg, 36,000 regionally). In 2005, more general cargo than bulk cargo was handled in this port area for the first time (2007: 901,000 containers). In February 2004 a public roll-on / roll-off facility went into operation. Several companies (e.g. Cobelfret from Belgium, EH Harms from Bremen) produce and sell products for the automotive industry .
In 2007, with the acquisition of the VTS Group (today duisport packing logistics GmbH ) and the relocation of its activities to Duisburg, the range of logistics services in the Duisburg port was expanded to include heavy industrial packaging. In 2008 logport I was almost completely marketed and over 60% of it was already in operation. As a logical consequence of the successful project, the 300,000 m² area of the former Sudamin MHD site on the opposite side of the Rhine is being made ready for construction. The new logistics center is called logport II . The joint venture logport ruhr was founded together with RAG Montan Immobilien . The aim is to jointly market suitable properties in the Ruhr area as attractive logistics locations.
In April 2008, the first shipping company container terminal in inland Europe - Duisburg Trimodal Terminal D3T - went into operation. The shipping companies NYK and CMA CGM consolidate their sea transports from and for the European hinterland here. In the same year, the Imperial Group invested in the construction of another trimodal container terminal, which went into operation in 2009. With a handling capacity of 120,000 TEU, the West Gateway on the logport II site was the first logistics hub for sustainable chemical distribution. In the same year logport I got a third terminal, which is also geared towards the needs of the chemical industry. The DKT Duisburg combined terminal with an annual capacity of 120,000 TEU is operated by the Swiss chemical logistics company Bertschi .
In 2010, the seventh terminal opened on the duisport site. The HTD Heavy-Lift-Terminal is designed for heavy goods handling and is operated from the Duisburg port together with the forwarding companies Kübler and Kahl .
On August 31, 2012, the Yuxinou , a freight train connection that crosses over 11,179 km of Eurasia and connects the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region with the Chinese conurbation of Chongqing , officially started operating .
The port of Duisburg also cooperates with the port of Trieste, which, with its draft of 18 meters and its connection via the Mediterranean Sea, the Suez Canal to the Far East towards Shanghai's deep-water port Yangshan , Hong Kong , Singapore and Port Klang (Malaysia) as the end point of the "maritime Silk Road ”applies.
accident
On March 31, 2016, an explosion occurred while working on the inland tanker Julius Rütgers in the Ruhrort shipyard , which resulted in the death of three workers.
See also
literature
- Reinhold Trapp: 275 years of the Rhine-Ruhr Port of Duisburg - The history of the port from 1716–1991 . Duisburg 1991.
- Rhein-Ruhr-Hafenbetriebsverein (Hrsg.): The Rhine-Ruhr ports. A leader . Duisburg 1926.
- Hans Weber: From the cow pasture to the world port. Two centuries of history of the Duisburg-Ruhrort ports . Duisburg 1961.
Web links
- Website of the port company Duisport
- Ruhrort harbor in front of the Friedrich-Ebert-Brücke, approx. 1940 (digit.wdr.de)
- Another picture of the Ruhrort harbor, approx. 1940 (digit.wdr.de)
- Website for the 300th anniversary of the port
- Harbour Cruise
- Harbour Cruise
- Early documents and newspaper articles on the Duisburg-Ruhrorter Häfen in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Stable container handling and growth in China trade , press release from Duisburger Hafen AG duisport.de from February 13, 2019
- ^ Peter Kleinort: Record sales in Duisburg . In: Daily port report of April 6, 2017, p. 1
- ↑ sprengerbleilevens: Moving great things together | Duisburger Hafen AG. Retrieved February 22, 2017 .
- ↑ “Bieterkrimi um Duisburgs Hafen” ( Memento from September 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Financial Times Deutschland Online, accessed on August 30, 2011.
- ↑ Helmut Bünder: Coal from all corners of the world . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of December 11, 2017, p. 21.
- ^ Ma Yujia: China-Europe railway now operational . Website from September 3, 2012 in the china.org.cn portal , accessed on March 29, 2014.
- ^ Willi Mohrs: New Silk Road. The ports of Duisburg and Trieste agree to cooperate. In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung of June 8, 2017.
- ↑ Duisburg port wants to expand business in China. In: Wirtschaftswoche from March 28, 2018.
- ↑ Two dead in an explosion on a tanker in the Duisburg shipyard. In: derwesten.de. Funke Mediengruppe , March 31, 2016, accessed March 31, 2016 .
Visitor center and anchor points (from west to east): Museum of German Inland Shipping | Inner harbor Duisburg | LVR Industrial Museum Oberhausen | Landscape Park Duisburg-Nord | Gasometer Oberhausen | Aquarius Water Museum | St. Antony Hut | Villa Huegel | Nordsternpark | Zeche Zollverein World Heritage Site and Zollverein Coking Plant | Ewald colliery | Marl Chemical Park | Railway Museum Bochum-Dahlhausen | Henrichshütte | Centennial Hall Bochum | Recklinghausen substation | German Mining Museum | Nightingale colliery | Henrichenburg ship lift | DASA | Hansa coking plant | Zeche Zollern II / IV | Hohenhof | Hagen Open Air Museum | Lindenbrauerei Unna | Maximilian Park Hamm
Themed routes (in ascending order by number): 1. Duisburg: City and Harbor | 2. Industrial cultural landscape Zollverein | 3. Duisburg: industrial culture on the Rhine | 4. Oberhausen: Industry makes the city | 5. Krupp and the city of Essen | 6. Dortmund: triad coal, steel and beer | 7. Industrial culture on the Lippe | 8. Erzbahn-Emscherbruch | 9. Industrial culture at Volme and Ennepe | 10. Brine, steam and coal | 11. Early industrialization | 12. The past and present of the Ruhr | 13. On the way to the blue Emscher | 14. Canals and shipping | 15. Lanes in the area | 16. Westphalian mining route | 17. Rhenish mining route | 18. Chemistry, Glass and Energy | 19. Workers' settlements | 20. Entrepreneur villas | 21. Bread, grain and beer | 22. Myth of the Ruhr Area | 23. Parks and Gardens | 24. Industrial nature | 25. Panoramas and Landmarks | 26. Sacred buildings | 27. Iron & Steel | 28. Water: works, towers and turbines | 29. Bochum - industrial culture in the heart of the district | 30. Gelsenkirchen | 31. Industrial Culture and Bauhaus Route | by bike
Museum Küppersmühle |
Port facilities |
Holzgracht |
Werhahnmühle |
Speichergracht |
Port residential complexes Duisburg |
Day care center Hansegracht |
Hansegracht |
Factory 21 |
Duisburg Harbor Forum |
Storage General |
Portsmouth Dam and North Harbor Side |
Eurogate |
Savings headquarters |
Duisburg Holzhafen |
Senior Center |
Garden of Remembrance |
Jewish Community Center |
Footbridge and Marina |
City wall |
Culture and City History Museum |
City Archives |
Swan Gate Bridge |
Office building |
Police technical services |
Steiger Schwanentor - Harbor tour of Duisburg ports |
Steiger Schifferbörse |
Gildeplatz-Hafenstrasse |
Embankment Road |
Former town hall |
Neumarkt |
Factory Street |
Bergiusstrasse |
Vinckeplatz |
Thousand-window house |
Karlsplatz | Cemetery - gravesite Haniel |
Friedrichsplatz |
Fürst-Bismarck-Strasse |
Friedrich Ebert Bridge |
Railway port |
Museum of German Inland Shipping 
|
Werfthafen - Bunkerhafen |
Vinckekanal and duisport Duisburger Hafen AG |
Freeport |
Karl Lehr Bridge |
Rhine orange |
Oil island , carbon Islands , scrap Island | Shipyards: Meidericher Schiffswerft , Ruhrorter Schiffswerft and Triton-Werft |
Coal dump foundation |
Ruhrschleuse and Ruhrwehr |
Monopoly towing service , Duisburg towing office |
Meiderich lock