Ronchamp coal mines
The Ronchamp coal mines were hard coal mines around Ronchamp in Franche-Comté in eastern France. They extend over the territory of the three municipalities of Ronchamp , Champagney and Magny-Danigon .
history
The coal mines, which were operated for more than two centuries (mid-18th to mid-20th century), have had a profound impact on the landscape, economy and local population development.
Coal mining has not only changed the landscape around Ronchamp and Champagney due to the accumulation of pits , but also the economy and, with the influx of Polish immigrants who brought their mining tradition with them, the local population. Mining began in the tunnels on the flanks of the hills before the Saint-Louis shaft was sunk in 1810 . It was the first major mining activity in the area. The coal seams reached deeper and deeper, and in order to be successful, the mining company (the Société civile des houillères de Ronchamp ) finally dug shafts twice as deep as there were previously in France; In 1878 the Du Magny shaft reached a depth of 694 m and the Arthur de Buyer shaft in 1900 1010 meters . When the mines were nationalized in 1946, the active mines and the thermal power station were transferred to Electricité de France .
After closing in 1958, the mines were secured, the infrastructure mostly demolished and the workers retrained. Later a museum and two associations were created, which endeavored to remember the mining history and the preservation of individual locations and the opportunity to visit.
Bergehalde of Ronchamp
Dilapidated tunnel mouth hole from the 18th century
The Saint Louis shaft in a contemporary illustration from 1826
The ruins of the Arthur de Buyer shaft
Arthur de Buyer shaft, before 1920
The Sainte-Marie shaft in 2007
.JPG)
List of manholes
| Start of devil | Surname | Depth | in operation | function | Another function |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1810 | Saint-Louis shaft | 135 m | 1823-1842 | Conveyor shaft | |
| 1815 | Henri IV shaft | 61 m | 1816-1835 | Conveyor shaft | |
| 1822 | Samson shaft | 19 m | 1824 | Conveyor shaft | |
| 1825 | Shaft No. 1 | 164 m | 1827-1833 | Conveyor shaft | |
| 1825 | Shaft No. 2 | 156 m | 1828-1833 | Conveyor shaft | |
| 1825 | Shaft No. 3 | 38 m | 1826-1829 | Conveyor shaft | |
| 1829 | Shaft No. 4 | 45 m | 1830-1841 | Conveyor shaft | |
| 1830 | Shaft No. 5 | 74 m | 1832 | Investigation shaft | |
| 1832 | Shaft No. 6 | 66 m | 1834-1836 | Conveyor shaft | Weather shaft 1839–1850 |
| 1839 | Shaft No. 7 | 205 m | 1843-1849 | Conveyor shaft | Weather shaft 1849–1872 |
| 1845 | Saint Charles shaft / No. 8 | 315 m | 1847-1895 | Conveyor shaft | |
| 1850 | Saint Joseph shaft | 453 m | 1855-1895 | Conveyor shaft | |
| 1851 | Notre Dame d'Éboulet shaft | 564 m | 1859-1896 | Conveyor shaft | Drainage 1896–1958 |
| 1854 | Saint Jean shaft | 51 m | 1856 | Investigation shaft | |
| 1854 | Sainte Barbe shaft | 324 m | 1860-1872 | Conveyor shaft | Weather shaft of the Sainte-Pauline shaft |
| 1854 | Sainte Pauline shaft | 546 m | 1861-1884 | Conveyor shaft | |
| 1855 | Shaft de l'Espérance | 103 m | 1858 | Conveyor shaft | |
| 1864 | Sainte Marie shaft | 359 m | 1866-1869 | Conveyor shaft | Weather shaft 1869–1958 |
| 1866 | Saint Georges shaft | 470 m | 1870-1873 | Conveyor shaft | |
| 1873 | You mine Magny | 694 m | 1878-1958 | Conveyor shaft | Closed 1916–1928 |
| 1873 | Du Chanois | 588 m | 1900-1951 | Conveyor shaft | |
| 1883 | Schacht du Tonnet / No. 9 | 574 m | 1886-1888 | Conveyor shaft | |
| 1884 | Shaft No. 10 | 247 m | 1886-1896 | Weather shaft | |
| 1892 | Arthur de Buyer shaft / No. 11 | 1 010 m | 1900-1954 | Conveyor shaft | |
| 1949 | Shaft de l'Étançon / No. 13 | 44 m | 1950-1958 | Conveyor shaft |
