Cockade (medicine)

Classification according to ICD-10
R21	Rash and other non-specific skin eruptions
R93.5	Abnormal imaging findings in other abdominal regions, including the retroperitoneum
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

In dermatology, a cockade describes an efflorescence , similar to a circular spot ( macula ) that does not protrude above the skin level (like a papule or pustule ) or sink into it (like an ulcer ). Typical clinical pictures are, for example, cockade erythema ( erythema exudativum multiforme ) and tinea imbricata . The origin of the name is the figurative association with the military cockade .

A macula is characterized by a different coloration, whereby maculae can be both red and brown in color. Since the macula is level with the skin, there is no increase in substance in the epidermis. The number of cells thus remains the same.

The term is also used in ultrasound diagnostics of the abdomen to describe pathological changes in the bowel. What is meant by the cockade is a double ring structure, which is visible in the cross section of the intestine in the case of appendicitis ( inflammation of the appendix), diverticulitis (inflammation of protuberances of the large intestine) or also intussusception (invagination of a part of the intestine into the subsequent part of the intestine) in the sonography. In appendicitis and diverticulitis, the structure arises from the inflammation-related wall thickening. During intussusception, the structure is created by the double layers of the intestinal wall in cross section.

In the case of circular infiltrating gastric carcinomas, the cockade is also a typical sight and can also be observed in liver metastases. It is better to use the terms "Halo-Sign" and "Bulleye" here.

The cockade is (at least in the sonographic area) used simultaneously with the term "target sign".

While the use of the term in pathological cases is quite clear, additional terms such as "physiological cockade" are considered to be superfluous or nonsensical.

literature

• Harald Lutz: Ultrasound primer for internal medicine. Springer Science & Business Media, 2007. ISBN 9783540293200 .
• Günter Schmidt: Sonographic differential diagnosis: teaching atlas for systematic image analysis. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2002. ISBN 9783131261410 .
• Karlheinz Seitz: Clinical sonography and sonographic differential diagnosis. Volume 1. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2008. ISBN 9783131264527 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Schmidt 2002, p. 234
2. ↑ Seitz 2008, p. 734
3. ↑ Lutz 2007, p. 350
4. ↑ Schmidt 2002, p. 234
5. ↑ Lutz 2007, p. 317
6. ^ Sven Hengesbach, Jochen Hinkelbein, Harald Genzwürker, Christopher Neuhaus, Yvonne Kollrack: Checklist Medical Skills. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2013. ISBN 9783131703217 . P. 152
7. ↑ Schmidt 2002, p. 234
8. ^ Manfred Gross: Sonography: Step by Step to Diagnosis. Urban & Fischer, 2007. ISBN 9783437236303 . P. 8
9. ↑ cf. Schmidt 2002, p. 234
10. ↑ Seitz 2008, p. 690

This article is about a health issue. It is not used for self-diagnosis and does not replace a diagnosis by a doctor. Please note the information on health issues !