Kolyuchin
| Kolyuchin | ||
|---|---|---|
 |
||
| Waters | Chukchi Sea | |
| Geographical location | 67 ° 27 '27 " N , 174 ° 36' 28" W | |
|
||
| length | 4.3 km | |
| width | 1.5 km | |
| surface | 4 km² | |
| Highest elevation | 188 m | |
| Residents | uninhabited | |
| main place | Koljuchino (historical) | |
 |
||
Kolyutschin ( Russian Колючин ) is a Russian island in the Chukchi Sea . Politically, it belongs to the Iultinski rajon of the Chukchi Autonomous Okrug .
geography
Kolyuchin is located about 11 kilometers off the northeast coast of the Chukchi Peninsula and about 50 kilometers north of the entrance to the Kolyuchinskaya Guba Bay. The nearest settlement is the village of Nutepelmen, 14.2 km away . The island has the shape of a sickle about 4.3 kilometers long and is up to 1.5 kilometers wide. Their maximum height is 188 meters. The coast has steep cliffs from 40 to 100 m in height in the east and northeast . The west side facing the mainland is formed by a 10 to 15 m high edge. The island's hilly plateau slopes slightly to the south.
climate
Kolyuchin has a subarctic maritime climate . Storms and fog are common. The mean annual temperature is −9.5 ° C. The coldest month is January with an average temperature of −23.2 ° C, the warmest is July with an average of 5.8 ° C. The island is surrounded by fast ice for at least nine months each year , and it doesn't start moving until late June.
Wildlife
The rocky cliffs of Kolyuchin offer seabirds good nesting conditions, with the success rate fluctuating strongly from year to year depending on the ice conditions. The most common colony-forming birds are the kittiwake , the thick-billed mum, and the guillemot . The two guillemot species are represented together with around 15,000, the kittiwake with 7000 to 10,000 animals. In addition there are 500 to 1000 hornlunds , up to 300 black guillemots , 250 to 800 sea shags , around 100 yellow coppers , 40 to 200 ice gulls and some herring gulls . Some birds from the mainland tundra also breed on Kolyuchin. The red-throated pipit , the baird sandpiper and the snow bunting can be found on the plateau . The white wagtail , the yellow wagtail and the wheatear , and in some years the peregrine falcon and the common raven nest on the cliff . Kolyuchin is part of the area designated by BirdLife International as " Important Bird Area RU3087".
In summer walruses can be found at the foot of the cliff on the northeast side of the island. In some years polar bears also visit Kolyuchin. In August and September 2003, about 20 specimens lived on the island.
Bird rocks
Big-billed mums and kittiwakes
Sea shag
Walruses at the foot of the cliff
history
At the northern tip of Kolyuchin, more than 1200 year old remains of settlements and a burial place of the Old Bering Sea culture were found.
In 1778, James Cook sighted the island on his third voyage. He gave her the name Burney's Island after Lieutenant James Burney (1750-1821), an officer on the HMS Discovery . Ferdinand von Wrangel reached the island in 1824 and found it inhabited by Chukchi . Since his supplies were exhausted, he had to stop mapping the East Siberian coast at this point. Even Adolf Erik Nordenskiold had contact with the residents Koljutschins, first when he 1878/79 the Northeast Passage went through and wintered at the mouth of Koljutschinskaja Guba. 30 years later, the island's abundance of birds attracted the Norwegian hunter Johan Koren to Kolyuchin. He drove from Nome across the Bering Strait to collect bird skins and eggs for US museums. The island was also inhabited at that time. In 1914 the Canadian captain Robert Bartlett (1875-1946) and the Eskimo hunter Kataktovik found a guide on Kolyuchin who brought them to the Eastern Cape of Asia . This enabled the survivors of the shipwreck of the Karluk who were stranded on Wrangel Island to be rescued.
On February 13, 1934, the Soviet arctic ship Cheliuskin sank after an uncontrolled drift 120 km northeast of the island of Kolyuchin. Crew and passengers saved themselves on the ice. Two months later, the 104 castaways were brought to safety in a spectacular aircraft rescue operation. From 1943 to 1992 there was a polar station at the southern tip of Kolyuchin.
literature
- AV Andreev: Wetlands in Russia . Vol. 4, Wetlands in Northeastern Russia (PDF; 2.7 MB), Wetlands International, Moscow 2004 (English). ISBN 90-5882-024-6 (original edition: А. В. Андреев: Водно-болотные угодья России . Том 4. Водно-болотные угодья Северо-Востока России , Wetlands International, Moscow, 2001. ISBN 90-5882-986-3 )
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g A. V. Andreev: Wetlands in Northeastern Russia , p. 84 f.
- ↑ BirdLife International: Important Bird Areas factsheet: Vankarem lowlands and Kolyuchin bay , accessed on April 25, 2017 (English)
- ↑ AA Kochnev: Research on polar bear autumn aggregations on Chukotka, 1989-2004 . Proceedings of the 14th Working Meeting of the IUCN / SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group, 20–24 June 2005, Seattle, Washington, USA, pp. 157–165 ( digital copy ; PDF; 1.94 MB, English)
- ↑ A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean for Making Discoveries in the Northern Hemisphere, Under the Direction of Captains Cook, Clerke, and Gore, in the Years 1776, 7, 8, 9, and 80 , William Reid & Son, 1831 ( limited preview in Google Book Search)
- ↑ Lisa von Engelhardt: Ferdinand von Wrangel and his journey along the north coast of Siberia and on the Arctic Ocean . Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1885, p. 193 ff.
- ↑ Юрий Борисович Артюхин, Евгений Эдуардович Шергалин: Йохан Корен (1879-1919) - натуралист и коллектор птиц Северо-Востока Азии и Северо-Запада Америки . In: Русский орнитологический журнал 22, 2013, pp. 3225-3251 (Russian)
- ^ Johan Koren: Collecting on Tchonkotsk Peninsula . In: The Warbler 6, 1910, pp. 2-16.
- ↑ Jennifer Niven: The Ice Master: The Doomed 1913 Voyage of the Karluk . Hachette Books, October 1, 2001, ISBN 978-0-7868-7097-4 , pp. 232 ff. (English)
- ^ Hermann Heinz Wille: Luring Poles . Urania-Verlag Leipzig, 1966, p. 257 ff.
