Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources ( English Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources , CCAMLR , French Convention sur la conservation de la faune et la flore marines de l'Antarctique ) walked out of the Convention on the Conservation of Marine Living Resources der Antarctica (Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources) , which was adopted in 1980 as a follow-up to the Antarctic Treaty . The seat of the commission is in Hobart (Australia).
Member States
Currently (2013) the CCAMLR has 25 full members. Both the EU Commission and the member states of the EU are members . Numerous countries have economic and scientific interests in Antarctica or claim territories there (Norway, United Kingdom, USA, Chile, etc.). The states are usually represented by the relevant ministries or scientific institutions:
- Argentina, Embajada de Argentina, Australia
- Australia, Australian Antarctic Division
- Belgium, Federal Public Service for Public Health, Food Chain Safety and the Environment
- Brazil, Brazilian Embassy, Australia
- Chile, Dirección de Antártica, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores
- China, Division of International Cooperation, Bureau of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture
- Germany, Ministry of Consumer Protection
- European Union, Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries
- France, Ministère des Affaires étrangères et européennes, Direction des Affaires juridiques
- India, Center for Marine Living Resources & Ecology, Ministry of Earth Sciences
- Italy, Ministero Esteri. Direzione General Asia
- Japan, International Affairs Division, Fisheries Agency of Japan
- Korea, Embassy of the Republic of Korea, Australia
- Namibia, Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources
- New Zealand, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade
- Norway, Royal Norwegian Embassy, Australia
- Poland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development , Fisheries Department
- Russia, Department of International Cooperation, Russian Federation Federal Agency for
- South Africa, Marine and Coastal Management, Ministry of Environmental Affairs and Tourism
- Spain, Spanish Embassy, Australia
- Sweden, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Ukraine, State Committee on Fisheries of Ukraine
- United Kingdom, Head, Polar Regions Section, Overseas Territories Department, Foreign and Commonwealth Office
- United States, Office of Ocean and Polar Affairs, US Department of State
- Uruguay, Instituto Antártico Uruguayo
Development and negotiations
The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources was established in May 1980 and ratified by the then members in 1982. The Convention later gave rise to the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources.
At a meeting in 2009, the CCAMLR members and the EU agreed to set up a representative network of Marine Protected Areas by 2012.
In 2012 the commission met in Hobart, Australia . The 2012 meeting was the first to convert the area of the 2.4 million km² Ross Sea into a marine reserve . However, the representatives of the fishing industry strongly opposed this . After New Zealand began intensive fishing for the giant Antarctic cod in the Ross Sea years ago , the commercial exploitation of the animals has increased significantly. Other countries interested in the resources, such as Russia, China and Ukraine , also resisted a marine reserve.
In 2013, a special session of the CCAMLR was convened at the initiative of the Federal Government and Russia. Australia, France and the European Union (represented by the Commission) proposed a network of MPAs in East Antarctica. A contract that was supposed to be negotiated at a meeting of the Commission in July 2013 fell through due to opposition from member Russia.
reviews
Volker Siegel from the Federal Research Institute for Fisheries assessed the Commission's 2006 goals as “very progressive towards sustainability ”. She called for the stocks of marine animals to always be kept above the level that would ensure the greatest annual net production . The focus is on the ecosystem approach. “Never before has a fisheries convention been designed so clearly in relation to the ecosystem,” he wrote in 2006.
The then EU Commissioner for Maritime Affairs Maria Damanaki repeated the EU's position after the 2013 CCAMLR special meeting in Bremerhaven . She was upset that CCAMLR was unable to reach an agreement. “It's a shame that the shelter's great support has been blocked by a few. That is a step back and damages the reputation of an organization that has always been a pioneer in protecting marine resources. I hope that the lost opportunity will be 'fixed' soon. "
Publications
- Peter Young (Filmmaker): The Last Ocean , documentary film describing the struggle for survival of this area against human intruders
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Conservation of Antarctica's Living Marine Resources. In: Summaries of EU Legislation. European Union, February 11, 2005, accessed November 2, 2012 .
- ↑ China and Russia Block Plan to Create Ocean Sanctuaries in Antarctica. In: Spiegel Online. November 2, 2012, accessed November 2, 2012 .
- ↑ dpa: Negotiations on Antarctic protected areas failed. Conference in Bremerhaven. Süddeutsche Zeitung, July 16, 2013, accessed on July 16, 2013 (German).
- ↑ Volker Siegel: Krill and Salps in the Antarctic Ecosystem . In: Gotthilf Hempel et al (Ed.): Fascination Marine Research . Hauschild, Bremen 2006, p. 105 .
- ↑ CCAMLR meeting in Bremerhaven: a missed opportunity to protect important marine areas in the Antarctic , press release by EU Commissioner for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Maria Damanaki on the website of the European Commission of July 17, 2013, accessed on October 28 2016.