Communist Party of Taiwan (1928-1931)

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The Communist Party of Taiwan ( Chinese  臺灣 共產黨 , Pinyin Taiwan gongchandang ; KPT) existed from 1928 until it was broken up by Japanese police forces in 1931.

history

In the 1920s, Marxist study groups based on the Japanese model emerged. On the one hand on Taiwan itself, on the other hand among those living in Shanghai. The nucleus of the party was the "Equality Society" ( 平 社 ), whose founding member Xu Naichang was sent as a student to the Communist University for the Workers of the East . The Chihuadang ( 赤 漢 黨 ), founded on October 27, 1924, was supposed to bring the Taiwanese communist organizations together, but remained unsuccessful and disbanded after a few months. The movement of May 30th gave a new boost . The collaboration of a woman, Xie Xuehong ( 謝雪紅 , Hsieh Hsuehhung ; born as: Xie Anü 謝 阿 女 ), who had left her husband, was considered curious . She was related to Qu Qiubai . She also studied in Moscow from 1926-7.

The Communist Party of Taiwan was founded on April 15, 1928 in Shanghai's French concession at the instigation of the Comintern with eighteen members (nine present). CCP delegates - chaired by Ren Bishi - and from Korea attended. A Central Committee (ZK) with the members Lin Mushun ( 林木 順 ), Lin Rigao ( 林 日 高 ), Zhuang Chunhuo ( 莊 春 火 ), Hong Chaozong ( 洪朝宗 ) and Cai Xiaoqan ( 蔡 孝 乾 ) and two substitutes were elected. The main goals of the founding manifesto were the expulsion of the Japanese colonial rulers and the establishment of an independent socialist republic on Formosa . True to the ideological guideline of the time “one CP per country”, the organization was regarded as an offshoot of the Communist Party of Japan (CPJ). Due to the strict control of all "left" activities by the Japanese political police, there was little support for party work from the mother country, especially after March 1929.

Just ten days after it was founded, the Japanese police became active in the international branch . Five members, including Xie Xuehong, were arrested and deported. The other cadres went underground.

The KPT, which operates underground, never had more than 36 members, but the left-wing national cultural organization ( 文化 協會 , Wenhua xiehui ; founded 1921) and the peasant union ( 臺灣 農民 組合 , Nongmin zuhe , Japanese: Taiwan Nōmin Kumiai; founded . 1927), with several thousand members achieved a certain broad impact. At first they tried to build an island-wide workers' organization; however, there were hardly any industrial workers on the island. In February and April 1929, many of the 11,000 members of the Peasant Union were arrested, and the party gained full control of the remaining 9,600 members. The cultural organization could be dissolved in 1930. The recruitment of new cadres was slow.

Two factions were formed within the small party organization. One, around Weng Zesheng ( 翁澤生 , alias Ong Ding-chuan ) worked in exile in Shanghai and had direct connections to Moscow headquarters and acted as a mouthpiece. The conflicts over Bolshevization and the “left deviator” Li Lisan also influenced Weng.

Xie, who had had an independent policy in Taiwan since 1929, had been the only Central Committee member on the island since the spring of 1930. In view of the economic crisis, a more radical course was followed from October. There was no workers' delegate who could take part in the 5th Profintern Congress in Moscow (July 15-30 , 1930) as instructed. Instead, the farmer Chen Dexing was sent who could only get as far as Shanghai. There he met with Weng and Comintern representatives. After his return he established the " Reform Alliance " ( Gaige tongmeng ) with six members in January 1931 . Between November 1930 and April 1931, Weng had tried five emissaries to enforce his ideological ideas on the island. The dominant Xie was overthrown and expelled from the party. This more radical group around Su Xin ( 蘇 新 ) and Wang Wande ( 王 萬 得 ) now gained the upper hand. After that, they no longer viewed themselves as part of the CPY, but as an independent member of the Third International .

Propagandist activities such as strike calls were stepped up and there was agitation in support of the Atayal uprising in October. The increased activities brought more focus to the Japanese. A written instruction from the Comintern, which criticized the previous party line and called for radicalization, was intercepted by the Shanghai Municipal Police . As a result, Yakov Rudnik was arrested in June 1931 . By early 1932, almost all party members in Taiwan had been arrested. Weng, in custody since April 4, 1933, died of illness in 1939. Lin Munshun died in Ruijin in 1934 .

Xie, arrested on June 26, 1931, was sentenced to thirteen years in prison, but conditionally released in 1939. She was involved in the incident of February 28, 1947 and a founding member of "Unit 27." After the failure of the uprising, she came to Hong Kong where she founded the " Taiwan League " ( 臺灣 民主 自治 同盟 , 臺 盟 for short ), which began its activities in 1949 moved to Beijing . She died there in 1970.

See also

literature

  • Belogurova, Anna; The Civic World of International Communism: Taiwanese communists and the Comintern (1921-1931). Modern Asian Studies, Volume 46, 2012, pp. 1602-1632.
  • Hsiao, Frank ST; Sullivan, Lawrence; A Political History of the Taiwanese Communist Party, 1928-1931. Journal of Asian Studies, Volume 42, No. 2, February 1983, pp. 269-289.
  • 若 林 正 丈; 「台湾 革命」 と コ ミ ン テ ル ン - 台湾 共産党 の 結成 と 再 組織 を め ぐ っ て; in: 思想 , Volume 610, 1975, pp. 573-94; ISSN  0386-2755 .
  • 貝 原 光 世; 日本 統治 下 の 台湾 民衆 党 と 台湾 共産党; in: 台湾 史 研究 1997, pp. 98–111 ISSN  1345-787X [Japanese: "The Communist Party of Taiwan and its members under Japanese rule."]
  • Tertitskii, KM; Belogurova, Anna; Taiwan'skoe kommunisticheskoe dvizhenie i Comintern (1924–1932 gg.): Issledovanie. Moscow 2005 (AST, Vostok-Zapad) [Review: China Quarterly, Volume 189, 2007, pp. 218-219].
  • 廬 修 一 [Xiuyi Lu]; 日 據 時代 台灣 共産黨 史: 1928–1932 [ Ri ju shi dai: Tai wan gong chan dang shi, 1928–1932 ]; 2006 (前衛 出版社) Sert .: 台湾 文史 叢書, 146 [chin .: "History of the Communist Party during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan."]

Web links

  • 臺灣 共產黨. Taiwan Encyclopedia, Taiwan Ministry of Culture, September 24, 2009, accessed September 14, 2019 (Traditional Chinese).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ On the strong influence of Japanese socialist ideas on the budding Chinese communists, cf. Ishikawa Yoshihiro ( 石川 禎 浩 ); Chinese Marxism in the Early 20th Century and Japan; In: Sino-Japanese Studies. Volume 14, pp. 34-44.
  2. ↑ See Stalin's speech at the opening
  3. ↑ On the control of the Chinese society in the colony see: Cai, Huiyu; Taiwan in Japan's empire-building: an institutional approach to colonial engineering; London 2009, ISBN 978-0-415-44738-6 .
  4. ↑ Details: Hisao (1983)
  5. ↑ On the dismantling of communist activities cf. Reconstruction and Rectification of the Communist Party in the Shanghai Underground: 1931–34. In: China Quarterly. No. 101 (March 1985), pp. 78-97.
  6. ↑ Memoirs: Hsieh Hsuehhung; 我 的 半生 記 , Wo de ban sheng ji ; Taipei 2004 (Yang Tsuihua Pub.)
Note: This article places the family name before the person's first name. This is the usual order in Chinese. Weng is the family name here, Zesheng is the first name.