Komokiacea

Komokiacea
Systematics
without rank:	Sar
without rank:	Rhizaria
without rank:	Retaria
without rank:	Foraminifera (Foraminifera)
Order :	Astrorhizida
Superfamily :	Komokiacea
Scientific name
	Komokiacea
	Tendal & Hessler , 1977

The Komokiacea are a superfamily of single-celled, marine foraminifera from the order of the Astrorhizida . It is found worldwide mainly in the deep sea.

description

Komokiacea have a diameter of up to 1 to 5 millimeters. Their delicate and not very robust housings are often tubular branched, the branches are mostly dichotomous , trichotomies or even polytomies are rarely found . The housing walls are simple and are agglutinated from clay particles bound in organic glue, the inside of the housing is lined with a fine organic layer. There are accumulations of small fecal pills (Stercomata) in the housing. Apertures are not formed; simple pores in the housing serve as exit openings for the reticulopodia .

distribution

Species of the Komokiacea are found in all oceans and have also been identified in the arctic. Vertically, they are found at sea depths of 400 to 9600 meters, with a clear focus below the continental slopes in the Abyssal and Hadal of the deep sea, finds from higher altitudes are much rarer. Representatives of the Baculellidae do not climb to heights above 2000 meters.

Systematics and research history

The superfamily was first described in 1977 by Ole S. Tendal and Robert R. Hessler , with two families, six genera and eleven species. From the late 1980s onwards, numerous new taxa were described. The type genus is Komokia , the name is derived from the term komoki , a playful corruption of the Russian “vetvistye komoktchki” (“branched lump”), an informal expression used in the Soviet Union at the time for animals.

While Tendal and Hessler classified them among the Textulariida , they are currently listed among the Astrorhizida . Komokiacea are only recorded from the Holocene .

Family Komokiidae
- Komokia
  - Komokia multiramosa
- Septuma
  - Septuma ocotillo
  - Septuma brachyramosa
  - Komokiformis septum
  - Septuma stellata
  - Septuma pauciseptata
- Ipoa
  - Ipoa fragila
  - Ipoa pennata
- Normanina
  - Normania conferta
  - Normanina tylota
  - Normanina saidovae
- Lana
  - Lana neglecta
  - Lana spissa
- Cerebrum
  - Cerebrum coralliformis
- Reticulum
  - Reticulum reticulatum
  - Pingue reticulum
Baculellidae
family
- Baculella
  - Baculella hirsuta
  - Baculella globofera
- Edgertonia
  - Edgertonia tolerans
  - Edgertonia argillispherula
- Arbor
  - Arbor cuspidata
  - Arbor hispida
  - Arbor multiplex
- Catena
  - Catena piriformis

The following are classified as incertae sedis within the superfamily:

- Skeletonia
  - Skeletonia variabilis

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b Alfred R. Loeblich, Jr., Helen Tappan: Foraminiferal genera and their classification. Geological Survey Of Iran e-book , 2005, online .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Ole S. Tendal, Robert R. Hessler: An introduction to the biology and systematics of the Komokiacea (Textulariina, Foraminiferida). 1977, Galathea Report, Vol. 14, pp. 165-194, PDF Online .
↑ Barun K. Sen Gupta: Systematics of modern Foraminifera. In: Barun K. Sen Gupta (Ed.): Modern Foraminifera . Springer Netherlands (Kluwer Academic), 2002, ISBN 978-1-4020-0598-5 , pp. 7-37 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Andrew J. Gooday, Olga E. Kamenskaya, Tomas Cedhagen: New and little-known Komokiacea (Foraminifera) from the bathyal and abyssal Weddell Sea and adjacent areas. In: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. Vol. 151, No. 2, pp. 219-251, 2007.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m C. J. Schröder, FS Medioli, DB Scott: Fragile abyssal foraminifera (including new Komokiacea) for the Nares Abyssal Plain. In: Micropaleontology. 35: 10-48, 1989.

[iran-1] A ^b Alfred R. Loeblich, Jr., Helen Tappan: Foraminiferal genera and their classification. Geological Survey Of Iran e-book , 2005, online .

[k77-2] Ole S. Tendal, Robert R. Hessler: An introduction to the biology and systematics of the Komokiacea (Textulariina, Foraminiferida). 1977, Galathea Report, Vol. 14, pp. 165-194, PDF Online .

[3] Barun K. Sen Gupta: Systematics of modern Foraminifera. In: Barun K. Sen Gupta (Ed.): Modern Foraminifera . Springer Netherlands (Kluwer Academic), 2002, ISBN 978-1-4020-0598-5 , pp. 7-37 .

[new-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Andrew J. Gooday, Olga E. Kamenskaya, Tomas Cedhagen: New and little-known Komokiacea (Foraminifera) from the bathyal and abyssal Weddell Sea and adjacent areas. In: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. Vol. 151, No. 2, pp. 219-251, 2007.

[schroder89-5] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m C. J. Schröder, FS Medioli, DB Scott: Fragile abyssal foraminifera (including new Komokiacea) for the Nares Abyssal Plain. In: Micropaleontology. 35: 10-48, 1989.