Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Saturn

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Saturn coal mine (Polish Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Saturn ) is a decommissioned coal mine in Czeladź , Poland.

history

The mining in the municipality Czeladź began in 1838 with the search for coal on the estate Milowice in the south of the town and there was the construction of the mine Victor . A short time later, the Saturn and Czeladź mines were added. From 1973 to 1990 they were grouped under the name Czerwona Gwardia .

CHP Saturn

The search for coal in the southwest of Czeladź ( location ) was carried out from 1872 by the industrialist and lawyer Louis Kozlowski; he struck gold at a depth of 122 meters. Just two years later he sold his possessions to Prince Christian Kraft zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen . In 1887 he founded the mine by sinking a 150 m deep shaft , which was equipped with a steam engine and initially served as a drainage facility. The production quickly reached 400,000 tons.

Malakow tower with retracted headframe

On April 1, 1899, the prince sold the mine to the "Saturn Union" (Towarzystwo Saturn; it also owned the Jupiter and Mars collieries ), which had been founded by textile industrialists from Łódź . They wanted to create their own energy base for their textile production. The company's first director was Jerôme Kondratowicz, who ran the mine for 12 years. A second shaft (called shaft I) was sunk and in 1904 shaft II was sunk 188 m deeper. Both shafts were also named "Jerôme" and "Alexander".

Around 1910, the extraction of shafts I and II was electrified, and the 320 m level was driven in the 1930s . In 1939, shaft II reached a capacity of 4.2 tons, so that a new coal preparation facility could be built.

While numerous other mines in the north-eastern part of the Upper Silesian mining area had been seized by Preussag directly after the occupation by Nazi Germany , the one for the takeover of Saturn , Czeladź , Jupiter / Jowisz and Mars dragged on until the end of 1942 because the French shareholders opposed this resistance. The total purchase price for all four pits was RM 54.5 million .

Nationalized after World War II, Saturn was renamed Czerwona Gwardia in 1950 and merged with the two mines of Czeladź and Milowice on January 1, 1973 . In 1990 it got its old name back, Saturn . Two years later, the decision was made to shut down the composite mine. The last funding took place on December 31, 1995.

Victor mine

In 1835 Ignatius Bleszynski inherited the Milowice estate, but sold it three years later to Jan Kubiczek, who built a mine ( Lage ) and a zinc smelter on the grounds of the estate , but rented both to the Krakow traders Joachim Grünberg and Joseph Rosenthal. The crisis in the 1830s caused the mine to close temporarily; however, it started again in 1841 after a change of ownership.

In 1855 a 58 m deep shaft was sunk with "Anna" and a year later a steam hoisting machine was installed , so that the production could be increased rapidly from 13,600 tons (1864) to 24,800 tons (1868) and 41,600 tons (1870). In 1874, 283 employees were mining 71,000 t of coal. This increase in production was made possible by capital investments by Wroclaw industrialists and the demand from the “Alexander” zinc smelter, which in 1890 produced 190,000 tons of zinc.

In 1880 the construction of the "Kaiser Alexander" shaft began, which after a few years reached a depth of 158 m. In 1895 it was sold to the "Sosnowiec Mining and Metallurgy Company" (Towarzystwo Kopalń i Zakładów Hutniczych Sosnowieckich), which also owned the Klimontów, Niwka-Modrzejów and Mortimer mines.

In 1898 a new “Renault” shaft, later called “Victor”, was sunk about 200 m from the “Anna” shaft. At that time, the central system had the shafts “Wilhelm”, “Anna”, “Bernau” and “Kaiser Alexander”, whereby “Anna” was used for backfilling with sand. In the 1890s the mine was named Milowice .

Malakow Tower on Saturn

CHP Milowice

The mine, which was in a very bad condition at the end of the First World War, was quickly modernized by its owners and from 1926 onwards it could be operated largely electrically thanks to the connection with the “Modrzejów” power plant. Both steps made it possible to increase production to 572,000 t.

As in other parts of Eastern Upper Silesia, both the division of Upper Silesia in 1922 and the global economic crisis that began shortly afterwards led to a considerable decline in production. The mine did not have to close, however, but could continue to work with 1,355 employees.

During the time of the German occupation in World War II, all mines of Towarzystwo Kopalń i Zakładów Hutniczych Sosnowieckich were placed under the management of the Preussag Dombrowa Mines Department , before a complete restructuring of the ownership and mine management began at the end of the war.

In the years 1949–1954, the “Anna” shaft was sunk 230 m deeper and the coal was hydrogenated to fuel. In the years from 1957 to 1959 another weather and flushing shaft "Pogoń" was sunk.

In 1973 it was combined with Czeladź to form the Czeladź-Milowice KWK , and in 1976 it merged with Czerwona Gwardia .

CHP Czeladź

The first unsuccessful attempts to coal in the range of Czeladź-Piaski win , date back to 1860. Crucial to the futility were strong water inflows and too thin capital base of the mining company. Only when Michael Gutmann got together with his family and the businessman Ernst Kramer and the previous owners paid off, in 1867 it was possible to sink a shaft called "Ernst" in Piaski ( Lage ); Also they brought for the drainage down a second shaft with the name "Michael". Therefore the colliery was initially called Ernst-Michael or Piaski .

In 1879, the mine was bought by French investors (Société Anonyme des Mines de Czeladź) and renamed Czeladź . This group sunk the shafts "Julian", "Abraham" and "Milowicki" and changed the name from "Ernst" to "Piotr" and from "Michael" to "Paweł".

This change of ownership led in 1882 to the modernization of the coal mine - the wooden head frames were Malakow replaced and the conveying and dewatering machines converted to steam operation. In addition, the French built numerous residential buildings for their workforce in the Piaski district between 1882 and 1885; today they form the old colony. A kindergarten, a clubhouse and a playground were also built.

Czeladź-Piaksi workers' settlement

In 1924 the “Abraham” shaft was sunk to a depth of 210 m and sunk as the new “Kondratowicz” shaft. In the same year workers rioted, during which four workers were killed by police bullets.

During the occupation in World War II, this mine was also one of the mines in Eastern Upper Silesia, which was operated and exploited by Preussag.

In 1945 the colliery was nationalized and as part of restructuring measures, the “Kondratowicz” shaft was transferred to Saturn and “Cornelius” was taken over in return.

CHP Czerwona Gwardia

The composite mine from Saturn , Victor / Milowice and Czeladź with the Germanized name Rote Garde consisted of three operating sites, Division I (former Saturn mine; 1.97 km²), Division II (Milowice) and Division III (Czeladź).

  • Department I :
  1. Conveying shaft shaft I with 364 m depth: Northern promotion Skip with 12 t, southern promoting frame support at two levels
  2. Shaft II (347 m deep): cable ride and material transport,
  3. Kondratowicz (248 m deep): backfilling and material transport
  4. Jerôme : Weather shaft 146 m
  5. Wojciech : Weather shaft 123 m
  • Department II :
  1. Anna (231 m): mining shaft and cable car
  2. Alexander (248 m): material transfer and cable car ride; Breakdown of bentonite
  3. Victor (205 m): Cable trip and material transport
  4. Loboda (177 m): material shaft
  5. Pogón M (173 m): Recovery and material transport
  6. Shaft IV (138 m): Weather shaft
  7. Shafts V (130 m) and VI (65 m): weather and flushing shafts
  • Department III :
  1. Paul (244 m): conveyor shaft, material and rope travel
  2. Peter (214 m):, material shaft
  3. C (197 m): backfilling, material transport and ventilation
  4. Julian (174 m) rope ride, material transport and backfilling
  5. Shaft 2 / Abraham (213 m): Weather shaft
  6. Andrew : Blind shaft between soles 210 and 290
  7. Cornelius and shaft 3 : backfilled in 1966

In 1992 the Ministry of Industry and Commerce decided to liquidate the Saturn CHP with effect from January 1, 1993. The last coal wagon was unearthed on December 31, 1996, the final closure on September 19, 2003.

present

Some of the buildings on the Saturn site are of historical importance, including a. the headframe over shafts I and II. The headframe over shaft I is a Malakow tower into which a strut frame was drawn, while the tower in shaft II has been preserved without any internals. The hoisting machines - both steam and electrical - have been preserved and are located on the mine site, which is currently (2013) under renovation. The former power station building houses the "Elektrowina" gallery for contemporary art, while a hotel with a conference center has been set up in the main and management building. In the future, the creation of a technology museum on the mine site is planned, which will be part of the Silesian Industrial Culture Route.

Funding figures

  • CHP Saturn / Czerwona Gwardia 1900: 439,523 t; 1913: 833,104 t; 1938: 483,700 tons; 1970: 1.27 million t; 1979: 2.88 million t
  • KWK Milowice 1900: 298,137 t; 1913: 633,456 t; 1938: 471,944 t; 1970: 1.33 million t
  • CHP Czeladź 1900: 239,851 t; 1913: 617,363 t; 1938: 689,895 t; 1970: 1.63 million t
  • CHP Milowice-Czeladź 1975: 2.28 million t

swell

  • Jerzy Jaros: Słownik historyczny kopalń węgla na ziemiach polskich . Katowice 1984, ISBN 83-00-00648-6 .
  • Yearbook for the Upper Mining District Wroclaw . Phönix-Verlag, Kattowitz / Breslau / Berlin 1913, digitized version at http://www.dbc.wroc.pl/dlibra/publication?id=3349&tab=3 (last accessed on May 5, 2015).
  • Kurt König: The coal mining in Upper Silesia from 1945–1955 . Scientific contributions to the history and regional studies of Eastern Central Europe. Published by the Johann Gottfried Herder Institute. Marburg 1958.
  • Werner Röhr: On the role of heavy industry in annexed Polish Upper Silesia for Germany's war economy from 1939 to 1949 . Yearbook for Economic History 1991, No. 4.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Werner Röhr, Heavy Industry , p. 24.
  2. ↑ see http://wikizaglebie.pl/wiki/Kopalnia_%22Wiktor%22_%28Sosnowiec-Milowice%29 (accessed on February 18, 2016)
  3. ↑ There is contradicting information with regard to the naming of "Wilhelm" and "Victor". The Flötz map No. 27 “Rosdzin” names the shaft west of “Anna” as “Wilhelm”, the topographical maps of the 80s of the 20th century it as “Victor”.
  4. ↑ Article "Wictor" Chapter "Crisis"
  5. ↑ The following overview is taken from the website http://eksploratorzy.com.pl/viewtopic.php?t=1388 (accessed on February 18, 2016).

Web links