Plunge
A head jump (in some areas also called Köpper , Köpfer , Köpfler or Stecher , Hechter , Spicker ) is a jump into the water, in which the arms are usually held out over the head and the jumper then plunges headlong into the water Hands and arms first touch and displace the water and the head plunges into the water in front of the legs.
history
In his novel Gargantua and Pantagruel, the poet Rabelais (1483–1543) made his protagonist jump into the Seine with a dive . Paula and Burghard von Reznicek write in their etiquette from 1928: "A dive into the indoor or open-air pool rejuvenates you for the evening ..." and Meyer's conversation lexicon from 1888 says: The jumps in the water from the spring board, the swing board, the Barrier, the diving tower , also in connection with gymnastics exercises on gymnastics equipment protruding over the water, both foot and head (head jumps).
Head jumps are often a prerequisite for acquiring certain swimming badges and for certain professions ( swimming master ). The purpose is to jump as far into the water as possible so that you have bridged a certain distance for any rescue measures. The starting jump is also a head jump for numerous swimming competitions . However, the swimmer tries not to immerse too deeply in the pool, as this would take too much time.
swimming pool
In swimming pools, the diving areas are usually located in separate pools and must have a certain depth at least under the diving tower. From a height of three meters, a head jump should always be done with straight arms and legs (the outstretched arms lie firmly on the ears, the palms are twisted crosswise). Since the body then forms a line, the risk of tipping sideways and overturning is practically eliminated. The body tension should be maintained until the entire body is immersed in the water. Only then do you open up and return to the surface of the water at a gentle angle. In swimming, the jump from a starting block into the competition pool is called a starting jump , which is usually carried out upside down .
variants
The so-called head long jump , sailor's head jump or Indian head jump is a jump upside down with arms pressed against the body. The name comes from the posture of a captain, shown in paintings and films, who is the last to leave the sinking ship with a soldier's salute, and in the case of the Indian head jump, it is supposed to represent the fugitive jumping into the water with his hands tied.
This head long jump is an earlier Olympic discipline . It was only Olympic in 1904. During this jump, you will dive as far as possible without swimming . If the head or another part of the body broke through the surface of the water, this point was counted as width. The Olympic record in the head long jump is 19.05 m and was set by the American W. E. Dickey.
hazards
Time and again, swimming courses and rescue organizations point out the dangers of head jumps. After that one should never jump into unknown waters. If the water depth is too shallow, it can lead to getting stuck in the mud; a collision with the ground or invisible obstacles lying close to the surface can result in serious injuries (see tetraplegia ). There are also annual deaths from broken necks. Between 2000 and 2005, 126 people between the ages of 16 and 25 ended up in a wheelchair with paraplegia because they jumped head first into the water without paying attention to the depth or knowing the water. Head jumps from great heights (10 meters and more) are dangerous for the cervical spine , arms and shoulder girdle and require appropriate training. Jumps over 20 meters are extremely dangerous.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Knaur, The German Dictionary . Lexocographic Institute, Munich 1985, page 584
- ↑ Hermann Otto Kluge: Textbook of the art of swimming: for gymnasts and other friends of physical exercises and for use in schools and military swimming facilities . Schroeder, 1870, p. 9
- ↑ The perfect Adam . Stuttgart 1928, pp. 126-127
- ↑ Swimming . In: Brockhaus Konversations-Lexikon 1894–1896, Volume 14, p. 774.
- ↑ dsv-bfg.de ( Memento of the original from March 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ teaching modules-bw.de
