Copying (art)
In art, copying is understood to mean various forms of expression, methods and performances with which a creative act is repeated or imitated.
Definitions
For a more precise distinction one designates:
- Replica or replica generally as a repetition
- Recapitulation as a repetition by the hand of the artist
- Copy or replica as a repetition of a work by another hand
- Counterfeit as a replica, without posing as such and with fraudulent intent
- Pastiche as a painting or other fine art work that imitates the style of a well-known master
- Reproduction as a repetition in the original technique, if the artistic technique provides for it (printing techniques) or technique transferred by others (art print, musical recordings, etc.)
In the fine arts, one-off copies are also created by repeating one's own work in a different technique by one's own hand . B.
- a sculptor later chisels a cast plaster sculpture in stone one-to-one or
- a graphic artist works out an offset template from the positive slide of a pen drawing on the light table or
- a painter uses a slide projection to trace the contours of the original as an enlarged painting.
For all visual artists (especially in the common area of drawing ) study copies based on famous models are an important part of their artistic training to this day. Since the Renaissance, collections of ancient sculptures have been created for the purposes of viewing sculpture , while some museums issue special permits for students of painting to copy works of art immediately before the originals on request.
In particular, artists repeated their famous main works, mostly at the request of clients. Eugen Bracht painted Hannibal's grave 18 times, Andy Warhol even made repetition a system.
Legal
If replicas public display or placed on the market are, are copyrights observed. If it is claimed here that this was the original subject, is that as forgery in fraudulent viewed intent.
It may also be inadmissible to make replicas indirectly from replicas and not directly from originals .
See also
- Multiple (edition objects are also considered copies without originals in the visual arts )
- Copy Art (copying as an artistic technique)
- Appropriation Art (copying as an independent art form)
- plagiarism
- Homage
- fake
- Rectified readymade and Imitated rectified readymade
- Original (art)
literature
- Michalis Pichler: Statements on Appropriation
- Ludger Alscher et al. (Ed.): Lexicon of Art. Architecture, fine arts, applied arts, industrial design, art theory . Volume 2: G - Lh . Reprint of the edition published in the GDR in 1968–1978. Verlag Das Europäische Buch, Berlin 1981, ISBN 3-88436-108-2 , p. 692 f.
- Tatjana Bartsch, Marcus Becker, Horst Bredekamp , Charlotte Schreiter (eds.): The originals of the copy. Copies as products and media of the transformation of antiquity . Verlag de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, ISBN 3-11022-544-1 .