Multiple

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A multiple is understood to be an artistic work that corresponds to three-dimensional printmaking in contemporary art , consists of a certain number of serially produced objects and is authorized by the artist as a multiple. The individual objects are economically, materially and aesthetically equivalent. Each object reflects the existence and absence of the other objects.

The artist provides a design or a model in which he defines the shape, size, materials, techniques, and edition, while the execution is usually carried out by specialized workers, often with machine support or in a factory- like organization.

The term multiple is also often understood to mean assemblages ; the term, however, relates more to relief-like canvas designs.

history

"If you all have my multiples, then you have me whole"

- Joseph Beuys

The history of the multiple leads back to the ready-mades of the Dadaist Marcel Duchamp , who had already produced some of his art objects and installations in series in the 1920s; so u. a. Fountain from 1917, which consisted of a series of signed urinals and leads via Surrealism with artists like Salvador Dalí into modern times to Fluxus and Pop Art . Artists such as Joseph Beuys , Dieter Roth , Wolf Vostell and mainly Andy Warhol have used these serially produced edition objects in their work. With Warhol, the multiple is the result of his technique, the serigraphy , which runs through his entire oeuvre (Brillo boxes, cow wallpapers, Polaroids ).

Joseph Beuys' multiples, however, are more complex and are often artefacts or relics of his action art ; they are based on concepts sketched in work drawings (see Show your wound ).

In the act of establishing his Edition MAT (Multiplication d'Art Transformable), Daniel Spoerri defines the guidelines for the multiple as follows: A multiple should a) not be produced using historical reproduction techniques, b) the works should do without personal handwriting and c) be transportable.

literature

  • Claus Pias: Multiple , in: Glossary of Terms for Contemporary Art , ed. v. Hubertus Butin , Cologne 2002
  • Peter Weibel (Ed.): Art without an original. Multiple and sampling as a medium: Techno-Transformations of Art , Cologne 1999
  • Peter Schmieder: unlimited. The VICE dispatch from Wolfgang Feelisch. Unlimited multiples in Germany , Cologne 1998
  • Peter Weibel (Ed.): Art without the unique / art without the unique. edition atelier 1985-1998 , Cologne 1998 (cat. Neue Galerie, Landesmuseum Johanneum , Graz)
  • The Great American Pop Art Store. Multiples of the Sixties , Santa Monica 1997 (Cat.University Art Museum, California State University)
  • Zdenek Felix (ed.): The century of the multiple. From Duchamp to the present , Oktagon Verlag, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-927789-29-1 (cat. For the exhibition of the same name, Deichtorhallen Hamburg, 1994)
  • Daniel Buchholz / Gregorio Magnani (eds.): International Index of Multiples from Duchamp to the Present , Cologne 1993 Galerie Buchholz
  • Jörg Schellmann (Ed.): Joseph Beuys: The Multiples . Catalog raisonné of the edition objects and prints, 8th edition 1997, Munich / New York 1997 (Edition Schellmann)
  • Multiples. An attempt to depict the development of the edition object , Berlin 1974 (cat. Neuer Berliner Kunstverein)
  • Multiples. The first Decade , Philadelphia 1971 (catalog Philadelphia Museum of Art )
  • Ars Multiplicata. Reproduced art since 1945 , Cologne 1968 ( Cat.Wallraf-Richartz-Museum Cologne)