Komuz

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A Kyrgyz girl plays komuz .
1 Som note: Komuz in the middle and the two- string kyl kiak , a string instrument similar to a kobys

Komuz ( Kyrgyzstan : комуз, qoˈmuz , Aseri gopuz , Turkish kopuz , in the south of Kyrgyzstan chertmek ) is a two- or three-string, plucked long-necked lute without frets. It is widespread in Central Asia and is particularly popular in Kyrgyzstan.

The komuz is the national instrument of Kyrgyzstan and is shown on the back of the 1- som note.

According to Curt Sachs , kopuz is an old Turkish lute whose name and shape were the model for the Yemeni qanbus , similar lute instruments in Arabia and East Africa and indirectly for the Malay lute gambus . The name komuz is related, among other things with Koby , a Kazakh string lute, Koboz , a bent-necked lute in Hungary in Romania cobză is, and xomus ( khomus ), a Tuvan mouth harp .

According to popular belief, the komuz was the first Kyrgyz musical instrument. It was introduced by the mythical hunter Kambar to educate his children and grandchildren to be courageous and brave with music and songs. Similar to the kobys in Kazakhstan, it is the traditional accompanying instrument of the Kyrgyz epic singer ( baksi or jyrau , corresponds to the ashyg ) and shaman , who plays it instead of the usual shaman's drum . According to a description from 1884, two shamans acted together. While one danced himself into an ecstatic state and shook a board attached to a wooden stick with iron bells , the other sang and played the komuz . The long-necked lute dombra in Kazakhstan, which is related by its design and has a similarly high standing, is analogously considered to be the invention of the narrative character Dede Korkut .

Komuz or komus is also the name of a two-string plucked lute used by the Schoren living in Siberia . Agach kumuz is a three- to four- stringed long neck lute with a narrow, trapezoidal body in Dagestan . A completely different Kyrgyz musical instrument with the same name origin is the jaw harp temir-komuz .

literature

  • Laurence Libin: Komuz . In: Laurence Libin (Ed.): The Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments. Vol. 3. Oxford University Press, Oxford / New York 2014, pp. 196f

Web links

Commons : Komuz  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Curt Sachs: The History of Musical Instruments . WW Norton & Company, New York 1940; after Larry Francis Hilarian: The folk lute (gambus) and its symbolic expression in Malay muslim culture. (PDF; 780 kB) ITCM Study Group on Folk Music Instruments. Proceedings from the 16th International Meeting. Tautosarkos darbai XXXII, 2006, p. 51
  2. ↑ Uno Harva : The religious ideas of the Altaic peoples. FF Communications N: o 125.Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Helsinki 1938, p. 538