Kreuzatt pocket basin

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Kreuzatt pocket basins are bronze basins or cauldrons from the Urnfield Period and Hallstatt Period . They were probably used on cultic occasions in order to drink the intoxicating liquids contained therein within a select group. They got their name because of the cross-shaped hanging loops for the two handles, the attachments, which were almost exclusively connected to each other in pairs or placed side by side on the edge of the kettle. The time that the Kreuzattaschen basins belonged to the Bronze Age , more precisely the Urnfield and Hallstatt Periods up to level C1 / 2.

Typology

Basically, three groups can be distinguished from one another within the Kreuzatt pocket basins, which differ from the other groups in terms of their specific unique selling points. The division and distinction that is still valid today was largely carried out by Gero von Merhart . Groups A, B1, B2a, B2b and C are generally not in circulation and use at the same time, but in some cases occupy similar areas of distribution. The chronological assignment is based on the findings and the type of decorations and patterns attached to the bronze basin.

Manufacturing

The Kreuzattaschen kettle found in Radewell in 1916 comes from Transylvania . Comparative finds date the boiler to the early 9th century BC. Its production area belongs to the east Hungarian workshop area. In the 11th century BC The first cauldrons that still have triangular attachments emerge there. The toreutics unfolds v in the 10th century. BC in eastern Hungary reached its climax with the production of decorated buckets and the early forms of the Kreuzatt pocket basins with so-called twin attach pockets. Around 900 BC In the 2nd century BC, nomads invaded the Carpathian Basin and brought the flourishing Late Bronze Age culture to a standstill. One of the last hoard finds of this kind comes from Prügy in Hungary. The hoard contained a cauldron like the one from Radewell, but its attachments are in the shape of a bird. The tradition of vascular grafting is continued on the one hand in the Eastern Alps ( Slovenia , Istria ) and in Italy and on the other hand in the Baltic Sea area.

context

The finding that connects the cauldron with a horse's skeleton puts it in a cultic context: Perhaps it was deposited in a cult pit? The finding is repeated with the golden "Eidring" from Schneidlingen.

See also

literature

  • A. Eibner: Content in the culture of the Hallstatt period. In: Catalog Steyr. The Hallstatt culture. Early form of European unity. International Exhibition of the Province of Upper Austria 1980 . 1980, p. 262ff
  • Markus Egg : The Hallstatt-era barrows near Helpfau-Uttendorf in Upper Austria. In: Yearbook of the Roman-Germanic Central Museum Mainz . Volume 32, 1985, p. 373ff
  • Ernst Friedel : Bronze cauldron from Hennickendorf. In: Journal of Ethnology . Volume 19, 1887, pp. 534f
  • G. Gaudron: Chaudrons à attaches d'anses cruciformes. In: Bull. Soc. Preh. Franc. Volume 53, 1956, pp. 192ff
  • M. Gedl: The bronze vessels in Poland. In: PBF Dept. II . Volume 15, 2001
  • A. Hansel: Location Hennickendorf. In: W. Menghin and A. Hansel (eds.): Gaben an die Götter. Treasures of the Bronze Age of Europe . 1997, pp. 142f
  • This: a three thousand year old princely drinking set. In: MJ . Volume 9, Issue 2, 1995, pp. 74f
  • M. Hell: The Hallstatt grave of Bruck on Großglocknerstrasse in Pinzgau, Salzburg. In: Annual publication of the Salzburg Museum Carolino Augusteum . Volume 10, 1964, pp. 21ff
  • M. Hémery: Une cachette de fondeur de l'Age du Bronze en fôret de Compiègne. In: Bull. Soc. Preh. Franc. Volume 34, 1937, p. 155
  • W. Heym: A bronze kettle with cross-shaped handle fittings from Kirchwalde (Głowińsk) Kr. Ruppin. Gothiskandza . In: Bl. F. Danzig prehistory. Volume 4, 1942, pp. 19ff
  • Gero von Merhart : Studies on some types of bronze vessels. In: Festschrift of the Roman-Germanic Central Museum in Mainz to celebrate its centenary in 1952 . Volume II, 1952, pp. 1ff
  • Hermann Müller-Karpe : On the typology and distribution of the Urnfield-era Kreuzattaschen kettle. In: Arch. Geograph. Volume 2, 1952-55, pp. 49f
  • I. Nestor: A bronze depot from Moigrad 52. In: PZ . Volume 26, 1935, p. 24ff
  • R. Paris: Tumulus hallstattien de Poiseul-la-Ville-et-Laperrière. In: Bull. Soc. Preh. Franc. Volume 70/1973, pp. 221ff

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