Kreuzatt pocket basin from Hennickendorf
The Kreuzattaschenbecken of Hennickendorf is a basin from the Bronze Age . It was used as a vessel for intoxicating liquids on cultic occasions or meetings.
The basin was found in the district of Märkisch-Oderland , Brandenburg on the northeastern bank of the large Stienitzsee on a sandy hill where it was only a few feet below the surface.
The hill forms a headland into the lake, bounded to the south by the Pose river and north by Stienitzsee. The hill forms a natural stronghold, delimited on three sides, which is only connected to the land to the west. In this area, before the basin was found in 1886, the local brickworks owner made finds from prehistoric times through the mining of bed load. The Bronze Age shards, ash, coal, animal bones and the black-colored burns in the light-colored sand and the cracked and broken stones in them indicate a settlement site. In the middle of this settlement the basin was found only a little below the surface; However, more precise information on the circumstances of the find is missing.
The basin
The pool was recovered in good condition and is almost undamaged. It has a round oval shape with a slightly indented edge and a wide base ring. Two separately attached, yet very close to one another, Kreuzattaschen are riveted to the basin .
Each Kreuzattasche is connected to the vessel with three conical rivets at the ends, one rivet is missing. The Kreuzattaschen are just below the edge, the circular eyelets are mostly beyond it. The underside is flat, the profile almost acutely trapezoidal. The eyelet neck runs like a hump into the arm area of the Kreuzattaschen and out of it. The Kreuzatt pocket arms run horizontally to the edge of the pool, the Kreuzatt pocket feet are vertical. The arms are significantly shorter than the feet. The ends are slightly widened in the foot area, the arms are also widened towards the ends. There are no decorations on the Kreuzatt pockets.
The basin has two semi-circular curved, round rod and movable handles. The ends are initially bent a little inwards to form a round insert for the eyelets; they are slightly pointed upwards. The edge of the basin is provided with a series of alternating notches around the circumference, below which are four grooves and final hanging arches. The edge pattern runs uninterruptedly under the eyelets, the cross attach pocket arms start just below. The rest of the basin is adorned, the basin itself is very thin. The height of the basin measures 11.4 cm with a diameter of 24.8 cm and a weight of 1075 g.
The basin comes from the scattering of finds in a settlement where it was not hidden deep in the sand. The circumstance of the discovery was accidental and an exact description of the location of the basin in the sand and a photographic or graphic documentation was not given. This means that there are no indications of whether the pool was standing, tilted down or lying on its side in the ground, which can provide information about the fact that it was deliberately dumped or accidentally lost due to falling soil. There are no known signs of a pit or evidence of bone material, clay or other bronze vessels in the pelvis. Since the basin was lifted without any directly comprehensible correlation of findings and socialization finds, it can only be interpreted as an individual find via its location in the surrounding area and its individual characteristics can be further categorized in comparison with other basins in group B1.
The total of around 60 bronze vessels of this type, which became known by 2011, spread from central Eastern Europe to Scotland and Denmark - with the exception of northern Germany. All the more fascinating are the four Norderstapel basins stacked one on top of the other. In addition to the Zepernick basin , Hennickendorf is the only basin in group B1 in Brandenburg. The closest basin found is that of Podgórnik (Seifenau) from Silesia in Poland , which has been lost. Two further pools in group B1 from the area of the Nordic district, which Hennickendorf borders in the southern area, come from Hvedholm and Vester Skjerninge Funen / Denmark .
Manufacturing
The Kreuzattaschen kettle found in Radewell in 1916 comes from Transylvania . Comparative finds date him to the early 9th century BC. Its production area belongs to the east Hungarian workshop area. In the 11th century BC The first cauldrons that still have triangular attachments emerge there. The toreutics unfolds v in the 10th century. BC in eastern Hungary reached its climax with the production of decorated buckets and the early forms of the Kreuzatt pocket basins with so-called twin attach pockets. Around 900 BC In the 2nd century BC, nomads invaded the Carpathian Basin and brought the flourishing Late Bronze Age culture to a standstill. The tradition of vascular grafting is continued on the one hand in the Eastern Alps ( Slovenia , Istria ) and in Italy and on the other hand in the Baltic Sea area.
literature
- Ernst Friedel : Bronze cauldron from Hennickendorf . In: Journal of Ethnology . Volume 19, 1887, pp. 534f.
- A. Hansel: Location Hennickendorf . In: W. Menghin and A. Hansel (eds.): Gaben an die Götter. Treasures of the Bronze Age of Europe . 1997, pp. 142f.
- Martin Segschneider, Gerhard Stawinoga: With the metal detector into the Bronze Age - The discovery of a boiler stack in Norderstapel In: Archäologische Nachrichten aus Schleswig-Holstein 2011 ISBN 978-3-529-01433-8 p. 65