Crypto fascism
Crypto-fascism (also: crypto-fascism ; from Greek κρυπτός , kryptós , "hidden" or " secret ," and Italian fascismo , " fascism ") is a derogatory term used must be designated by the political currents whose followers outside an image of cultivate right-wing margins or even conservatism , while keeping secret their support for the ideas and habitus of fascism. It is in the nature of a value system that is kept secret that nobody openly acknowledges it. Correspondingly, the proof of crypto-fascism is difficult or even impossible, so corresponding accusations are often lost in speculations and even conspiracy theories .
Concept history
The term crypto-fascism or crypto-fascist is usually synonymous with crypto Nazi used, ie it is a secret support of the ideas of fascism in the broader sense, who is also the National Socialist include you. The term crypto- fascism is therefore not limited to a secret support of fascism in the narrower sense - namely Italian fascism .
The need to keep the support of fascist ideas secret arose from the complete disavowal of this ideology as a result of the unleashing of World War II and the murder of European Jews . The term "crypto-fascist" was first mentioned in the New York Times in November 1943, after the USA entered the war on the side of the anti-Hitler coalition. The Catholic Bishop of Florida , Joseph Patrick Hurley (1894–1967), cited the University of Notre Dame's dismissal of Francis E. McMahon as a yield to pressure from crypto-fascists. Hurley had early opposed tolerance for Nazi Germany; McMahon had publicly attacked Franco , Charles Lindbergh , Joseph P. Kennedy and other isolationists .
In Germany, Theodor W. Adorno was one of the first to use the term crypto-fascism, for example in 1963 in Der getreue Korrepetitor . He also used the term in his radio commentaries and music criticism.
In American usage, the term reached the crypto-fascism in 1968 a wider acquaintance, as Gore Vidal in a television debate his debate opponent William F. Buckley, Jr. , known as "pro-crypto-Nazi." Buckley then referred to Vidal as a "queer" and threatened him with beatings while the camera was running if the latter referred to him again as a "crypto-Nazi". Vidal later corrected himself to the effect that he meant "crypto-fascist". As a result, a dispute between Buckley and Vidal developed around this exchange of blows, some of which was also carried out in court.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Peter Davies, Derek Lynch: The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right . Routledge, London 2002, ISBN 0415214947 , p. 5.
- ↑ Notre Dame chided for McMahon ouster . In: New York Times, November 21, 1943, p. 24.
- ↑ Margaret Fosmoe: A Notre Dame history of open debate . In: South Bend Tribune, May 15, 2009.
- ^ Adorno, Gesammelte Schriften , Vol. 15, p. 191.
- ^ Political Animals: Vidal, Buckley and the '68 Conventions - Web site on the dispute between Buckley and Vidal.