Art in the social

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The term art in the social goes back to both anthropological concepts of anthroposophy , which Rudolf Steiner developed under the concept of social threefolding , and to developments in the visual arts, which in recent history have been shaped primarily by Joseph Beuys and his expanded concept of art are. The term art is related to the design of social developments and social relationships.

Basics

After the First World War, Rudolf Steiner introduced the threefold structure of the social organism as a model for social development. He distinguished between the social areas of intellectual life, legal life and economic life, which corresponded to the ideals of the French Revolution: freedom, equality and brotherhood.

Joseph Beuys ties in with the concept of social threefolding and brings it into connection with an expanded concept of art : “Basically, it remains that it is very important to develop this concept of art where every living person can become a designer of a living substance . That is the social organism. ” He sees in the picture of threefolding and its connection with the ideals of the French Revolution at the same time something “ therapeutic ” , through which the social organism emerges “ from all the tangles, knots and misalignments ” . Based on this, Joseph Beuys developed the image of a new society as social sculpture , the design of which he regards as social art. Art in the sense of an expanded concept of art affects social systems and social developments. Beuys relates his artistic work “to everything that is created in the world. And not only on artistic design, but also on social design, [...] or on other questions of design and education. ” Various current anthroposophical concepts on social art tie in with these ideas by Steiner and Beuys.

In contemporary art there are tendencies that are related to “art in the social”. For such currents in the visual arts, the focus is not on the product, but on the action, the movement, the performative and the staging, which include the recipient in the creation of the work: “Instead of creating works, artists increasingly produce events in not only themselves, but also the recipients, viewers, listeners, viewers involved. "This development is initiated in the 1960s by the performative turn , that in the 1990s from the image science so called Iconic Turn (Iconic turning) followed. With this development, the understanding of art and images tied to the traditional arts is expanded to include communicative and social processes. It already has its forerunners in the art of the early 20th century, when Alexander Mikhailovich Rodchenko proclaimed: “Work for life and not for palaces, cathedrals, cemeteries and museums. Work in the middle of everything and with everyone. "

practice

As art in the social various forms understand educational , therapeutic and political practice. They usually have an anthropological or art-historical background:

  • The founding of Waldorf schools is related to Rudolf Steiner's anthropological assumptions. In them, the teachers not only impart knowledge, but also devote themselves to promoting and educating the students in a comprehensive sense. The training includes - following the anthroposophical conception of man - the development of the intellectual-cognitive (“thinking”), the artistic-creative (“feeling”) and the technical-practical (“wanting”) skills of the students. Upbringing is understood here as a social art: “Everything that we can achieve artistically”, says Rudolf Steiner, “it only becomes the highest when we can let it flow into the greatest art [...] in which we are unfinished and the living Is handed over to the human being, whom to a certain extent we should make the perfect human being artistically, educationally ”.
  • The impulse of the married couple Rose-Maria and Siegried Pütz to found a “free art study site” for the “social work of art” in Ottersberg in 1967 goes back to promoting people in the sense of social art. Here the courses in “Art Therapy” and later “Theater Education” are introduced, which focus on societal marginal areas. In the meantime, the art college is the world's largest training center for art therapy and is officially recognized as a university of applied sciences . Since 2007 the courses “ Art in Social. Art Therapy and Art Education ”,“ Fine Art ”and“ Theater in the Social ”introduced.
  • Other art-oriented forms of coaching and artistic work in processes of social change are based on systemic concepts. Methodically, they refer to the expressive arts as a form of intermedial artistic work in the social. Corresponding courses are in German-speaking countries at the MSH Medical School Hamburg ( "Expressive Arts in Social Transformation", "Intermedia Art Therapy" and "Art Analog coaching").
  • The movement for direct democracy, which goes back to the work of Joseph Beuys, is to be understood as art in political space. In 1971 the " Organization for Direct Democracy through Referendum " was founded in Düsseldorf . a. leads to the establishment of the project Omnibus for direct democracy , which, against the background of the expanded concept of art, has made the propagation of direct democracy through referendum its task.
  • Some entrepreneurial initiatives were also inspired by the ideas of Rudolf Steiner or Joseph Beuys and incorporate elements of social art into their corporate management. These include a. Companies such as Wala , Weleda and the dm drugstore .

literature

  • Joseph Beuys: Everyone is an artist. On the way to the freedom form of the social organism . FIU-Verlag , ISBN 3-928780-52-2 .
  • Joseph Beuys: A short first picture of the concrete field of activity of social art , Wangen 1987. FIU-Verlag, ISBN 3-926673-02-8 .
  • Horst Bredekamp : Art as a Medium of Social Conflict: Image Fights from Late Antiquity to the Hussite Revolution , Frankfurt am Main 1975.
  • Volker Harlan, Rainer Rappmann, Peter Schata: Social plastic. Materials for Joseph Beuys . Achberger Verlagsanstalt, Achberg 1976, ISBN 3-88103-065-4 .
  • Volker Harlan: What is art? Workshop talk with Joseph Beuys . Urachhaus, Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-87838-482-3 .
  • Stella Rolling, Eva Sturm: Are they allowed to do that? Art as a social space , in it: between agitation and animation. Activism and Participation in 20th Century Art . Turia and Kant, Vienna 2002.

See also

Web links

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  1. ^ Horst Bredekamp: Art as a Medium of Social Conflicts: Image Fights from Late Antiquity to the Hussite Revolution , Frankfurt am Main 1975
  2. ↑ Rudolf Steiner: The key points of the social question in the vital necessities of the present and future , complete edition No. 23, Dornach 1919
  3. ↑ Volker Harlan, Rainer Rappmann, Peter Schata: Social plastic. Materials for Joseph Beuys . Achberger Verlagsanstalt, Achberg 1976, p. 20
  4. ↑ Volker Harlan, Rainer Rappmann, Peter Schata: Social plastic. Materials on Joseph Beuys , Achberg 1976, p. 13 f.
  5. ↑ Volker Harlan, Rainer Rappmann, Peter Schata: Social plastic. Materials on Joseph Beuys , Achberg 1976, p. 26
  6. ^ Joseph Beuys: Everyone is an artist. On the way to the freedom form of the social organism . FIU publishing house
  7. ^ Conversation between J. Beuys, B. Blume and HG Prager on November 15, 1975 . In: Rheinischen Bienenzeitung , issue 12/1975, pp. 373–377
  8. ↑ See Lex Bos: Guide for Social Artists , Verlag am Goetheanum, Dornach 1997.
  9. ↑ Fischer-Lichte, Erika: Aesthetics of the Performative . Frankfurt am Main 2004
  10. ^ Doris Bachmann-Medick : Iconic Turn . In: Doris Bachmann-Medick: Cultural Turns. New orientations in cultural studies . 3. edit again. Edition. Rowohlt, Reinbek 2009, ISBN 978-3-499-55675-3 , pp. 329-380
  11. ↑ Stella Rolling, Eva Sturm : Are they allowed to do that? Art as a social space , in it: between agitation and animation. Activism and Participation in 20th Century Art . Turia and Kant, Vienna 2002, p. 128 ff.
  12. ↑ Peter Sinapius: Therapy as a picture. The picture as therapy. Basics of an artistic therapy . Publishing house Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2005
  13. ↑ Rudolf Steiner: General human studies as the basis of pedagogy . Rudolf Steiner Taschenbücher, Dornach 1982, p. 10
  14. ↑ Rose Maria Pütz (1981) Art Therapy / An Alternative to Regenerating Humans . Bertelsmann, Bielefeld 1981