Short-leaved stendrums
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Short-leaved stendellum ( Epipactis distans ) |
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| Arv.-Touv. |
The short-leaved Stendelwurz ( Epipactis distans ), also called Rundblättrige Stendelwurz or long-limbed Stendelwurz , is a species from the genus of the Stendelwurzen ( Epipactis ). The species names are not traditional, they are an invention of the modern age. The name distant stendrums is misleading as the epithet "distans" refers to the leaves that are further apart.
description
The little variable short-leaved stendellum is a 30 to 60 cm high, sometimes higher plant with a thick stem and two to six leaves . These are shorter or only very slightly longer than the internodes , runny to spoon-shaped and stiffly upright. The length of the inflorescence varies between a third and half the total height of the plant. This makes it look top-heavy. The flowers are one-sided and relatively large. The petals of the outer circle of perigone are green inside and occasionally pink to reddish in color outside. The petals of the inner circle appear broad compared to the lip. They are light pink to bright red in color. The rear lip is deeply bowl-shaped and dark red in color. The front lip is white to light pink. The central keel on the front lip is noticeable; it is usually clearly red in color. The passage between the front and rear lip is narrow U-shaped. The glue gland remains functional for a long time, so pollination by insects is mandatory. It can later dry out and pollen can get onto the scar ( autogamy ).
The flowering time is in July and begins about two weeks before the broad-leaved stendellum .
The short-leaved stendola differs in several characteristics from the similar broad-leaved stendel-root, which has larger leaves and the shape and color of the flowers is more variable.
Genetics and development
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40. The seed of this orchid does not contain any nutrient tissue for the seedling . The germination therefore takes place only when infection by a root fungus ( mycorrhiza ). So far, only obligate ectomycorrhizal fungi of the genus Wilcoxina have been isolated from the roots of this species, in contrast to the broad-leaved stendrums, whose roots can contain both ectomycorrhizal formers and non-ectomycorrhizal fungi.
ecology
The Epipactis distans comes almost exclusively on dry soils over limestone or dolomite in sparse pine forests or forest edges up to the Alpine altitude level before. Occurrences on acidic soils are also reported, but they are above dolomite rock.
The broad-leaved stendellus is rarely found in the immediate vicinity. The brown-red stendellum , which can also be found in the immediate vicinity, has similar requirements .
distribution
The actual distribution is currently not fully known. It is originally known from the French western Alps and neighboring Italy. As early as 1995, after the species was rediscovered in Austria, it was assumed that it should also occur in Germany. In 1996, an occurrence known for many years in Bavaria, which was previously regarded as broad-leaved stendelwort, could be assigned to this species. In Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, plants that were considered to be Dutch stendellum ( Epipactis helleborine subsp. Neerlandica ) were also found to belong to this species. Since then, new sites have been discovered again and again.
There is reliable evidence of the short-leaved stendellar in France, Italy, Austria, Germany, Poland, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Sweden. Further finds in these or neighboring countries are expected in the future.
In Germany, this species occurs in the north of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, in Brandenburg and in Bavaria somewhat more densely in the Franconian Jura and Upper Palatinate Jura , a few sites are very scattered in the Alps up to the foothills of the Alps.
Conservation and endangerment
Since the species has not been taken into account for a long time and finds have only been increasing since the mid-1990s, no precise statement can be made about the degree of endangerment. However, it can be assumed that this species is rare and that it is therefore more endangered and in need of protection. As a species from the orchid family, it is generally protected under national and international laws.
Systematics
nomenclature
The short-leaved Stendelwurz was described by Jean Maurice Casimir Arvet-Touvet in 1872 as Epipactis distans . In 1996 it was promoted to the rank of a subspecies of the broad-leaved stendellum as Epipactis helleborine subsp. distans downgraded. K. Richter named plants found in Lower Austria in 1887 Epipactis orbicularis , which he later downgraded to a subspecies. In 1997 Erich Klein recognized that the two taxa do not differ. Another name comes into play: Plants from Spain with more strongly colored flowers were described as Epipactis molochina in 2002 . These plants are said to be influenced by hybridization of Epipactis cardina .
Species or subspecies
Opinions differ not only with regard to the status as a species or subspecies , but also whether the Central European and the Western Alpine plants differ and should therefore each be given their own name: for the Western Alpine plants Epipactis helleborine subsp. distans and for the Central European Epipactis helleborine subsp. orbicularis .
The typical and constant characteristics suggest that the short-leaved stendellus should be classified as a species. According to the priority rule , Epipactis distans Arvet-Touvet 1872 is valid.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Floraweb: Epipactis distans
- ↑ Epipactis distans at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Martin I. Bidartondo, Bastian Burghardt, Gerhard Gebauer, Thomas D. Bruns & David J. Read: Changing partners in the dark: isotopic and molecular evidence of ectomycorrhizal liaisons between forest orchids and trees . In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London , Series B, Volume 271 (2004), pp. 1799–1806, ISSN 0080-4649 ( summary ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective . Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this note. And download option).
- ↑ J. Weigelt & A. Richelmann: Some remarks on Epipactis distans C. Arvet-Touvet in the northern Franconian Alb . In: Reports from the working groups Heimische Orchideen 19 (1) 2006, pp. 102–118, ISSN 0176-2745
- ↑ AHO Bavaria: Orchids in Bavaria. In: Reports from the Working Groups Heimische Orchideen Supplement 7 - 2006, ISSN 0176-2745
- ↑ Erich Klein: Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz subsp. orbicularis (Richter) Klein comb. nova, a xerophilic subspecies (Orchidaceae-Neottieae). In: Phyton 3 (1) 1997
- ↑ W. Wucherpfennig: How useful are characteristics of the habitus for the determination of Epipactis species? - 2. Epipactis distans and Epipactis helleborine subsp./var. orbicularis. In: Journal Europäische Orchideen 38 (3) 2006, ISSN 0945-7909
literature
- AHO (Ed.): The orchids of Germany . Verlag AHO Thuringia Uhlstädt - Kirchhasel, 2005, ISBN 3-00-014853-1
Web links
Distribution maps:
Regional: