Stendelwurzen

Stendelwurzen
	Broad-leaved stendola ( Epipactis helleborine )
Systematics
	Monocots
Order :	Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family :	Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily :	Epidendroideae
Tribe :	Neottieae
Genre :	Stendelwurzen
Scientific name
	Epipactis
	tin

The epipactis ( Epipactis ) are a genus of flowering plants in the family of orchids (Orchidaceae).

description

Vegetative characteristics

Epipactis species are perennial herbaceous plants .

Generative characteristics

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and threefold.

Systematics and botanical history

The name "Epipactis" was first used by Theophrastus of Eresos , a philosopher and botanist of ancient Greece. However, he did not use it to refer to today's orchid genus Epipactis . The first description of the genus Epipactis was 1757 the Gottingen botanists Johann Gottfried tin in the Catalogus Plantarum Horti Academici et Agri Gottingensis on page 85. A more recent homonym , Epipactis Pers. , was published in Synopsis Plantarum , 2, p. 513 in 1807 . Synonyms for Epipactis Zinn nom. cons. are: Limodorum Ludw. ex Kuntze nom. illeg., Parapactis W.Zimm. , Amesia A. Nelson & JFMacbr. , Helleborine Mill. , Limonias Ehrh. , Arthrochilium (Irmisch) Beck , Calliphyllon Bubani .

Sections and types

The genus Epipactis was divided into two sections by Thilo Irmisch in 1842 with its then five known species.

Arthrochilium section : Marsh stendellum ( Epipactis palustris )

Section Cymbochilium : Germerblättrige Stendelwurz ( Epipactis veratrifolia )

Section Epipactis Subsection Porphyreochromatae : Violet Stendelwurz ( Epipactis purpurata )

Section Epipactis Subsection Autogamepactis : Narrow-lipped Stendelwurz ( Epipactis leptochila )

Section Epipactis Subsection Autogamepactis : Müller's Stendelwurz ( Epipactis muelleri )

Illustration of the small-leaved stendellum ( Epipactis microphylla ) from illustrations of the basic forms of orchid species occurring in Germany and the neighboring areas , plate 50

Section Rhytidochilium : Small-leaved stendellum ( Epipactis microphylla )

Epipactis gigantea

In 2005, Erich Klein restructured the genus into sections (with a list of the species it contains):

Section Arthrochilium Irmisch

Marsh stendola ( Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz )

Section Cymbochilium Schlechter

Germerblättrige Stendelwurz ( Epipactis veratrifolia Boiss. & Hohen. )

Section Epipactis

Epipactis subsection

Epipactis degenii Szentp. & Mónus (It is used by some authors as a subspecies Epipactis helleborine subsp. Degenii (Szentp. & Mónus) Kreutz viewed.)
Epipactis densifolia W.Hahn, Passin & R.Wegener (It is used by some authors as a subspecies Epipactis helleborine subsp. Densifolia (W.Hahn, Passin & R.Wegener) Kreutz viewed)
Short-leaved Stendelwurz ( Epipactis distans Arv.-Touv. ) (It is also considered by some authors as a subspecies Epipactis helleborine subsp. Orbicularis (K. Richt.) E. Klein )
Epipactis duriensis Bernardos, D.Tyteca, Revuelta & Amich (Syn .: Epipactis tremolsii Pau , Epipactis helleborine subsp. Tremolsii (Pau) E. Klein )

Epipactis guegelii Robatsch : It occurs in Romania.

Broad-leaved stendellum ( Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz ). With the subspecies:

Epipactis helleborine subsp. helleborine (Syn .: Epipactis magnibracteata C.Schweinf. , Epipactis tenii Schltr. , Epipactis heraclea P.Delforge & Kreutz )
Epipactis helleborine subsp. latina W. Rossi & E. Klein
Epipactis helleborine subsp. neerlandica (Verm.) Butler

Epipactis lapidocampi E. Klein & Laminger (it is put by R. Govaerts as a synonym for Epipactis muelleri Godfery )

Epipactis turcica Kreutz : It occurs from the islands of the eastern Aegean to Turkey.

Subsection Porphyreochromatae E. Klein

Epipactis bithynica Robatsch (it is provided by R. Govaerts to Epipactis helleborine subsp. Bithynica (Robatsch) Kreutz )
Epipactis lusitanica D.Tyteca : It occurs in Morocco, Portugal and southwestern Spain.
Epipactis meridionalis H.Baumann & R.Lorenz : It occurs in Italy and Sicily.
Epipactis rechingeri Renz : It occurs in northern Iran.
Cypriot Stendelwurz ( Epipactis troodi H. Lindb. ): It occurs in Cyprus, Crete and Turkey.
Violet Stendelwurz ( Epipactis purpurata Sm. , Syn: Epipactis pollinensis B. Baumann & H.Baumann , Epipactis pseudopurpurata Mered'a )

Subsection Autogamepactis E. Klein

Epipactis aspromontana Bartolo, Pulv. & Robatsch (It is by R. Govaerts to Epipactis leptochila subsp. Aspromontana (Bartolo, powde. & Robatsch) Kreutz provided)
Epipactis bugacensis Robatsch : It occurs with two subspecies in south-western Europe and in central Europe.
Epipactis campeadorii P. Delforge (it is provided by R. Govaerts to Epipactis bugacensis subsp. Rhodanensis (Gévaudan & Robatsch) Wucherpf. )
Cretan stendellum ( Epipactis cretica Kalop. & Robatsch )

Epipactis dunensis (T.Stephenson & TAStephenson) Godfery (Syn .: Epipactis muelleri var. Dunensis (T.Stephenson & TAStephenson) PDSell , epipactis peitzii var. Sancta P.Delforge , epipactis sancta (P.Delforge) P.Delforge , epipactis leptochila subsp. sancta ( P. Delforge ) Kreutz , Epipactis dunensis subsp. sancta ( P. Delforge ) Kreutz , Epipactis dunensis subsp. tynensis Kreutz ; no subtaxa are accepted): It occurs only from northern England to northern Wales .

Epipactis flaminia P.R. Savelli & Aless. : It occurs in eastern Central Europe.

Epipactis futakii Mered'a & Potucek (Syn .: Epipactis leptochila subsp. Futakii (Mered'a & Potucek) Kreutz ): It occurs in the Czech Republic and Hungary.

Epipactis greuteri H.Baumann & Künkele : It occurs in south-east Europe and in east-central Europe.

Epipactis komoricensis Mered'a (Syn .: Epipactis leptochila subsp. Komoricensis (Mered'a) Kreutz ): It occurs in the Czech Republic.

Narrow- lipped Stendelwurz ( Epipactis leptochila (Godfery) Godfery , Syn .: Epipactis thesaurensis Agrezzi, Ovatoli & Bongiorni , Epipactis peitzii H. Neumann & Wucherpf. )

Müller's Stendelwurz ( Epipactis muelleri Godfery )

Epipactis nauosaensis Robatsch (Syn .: Epipactis leptochila subsp. Naousaensis (Robatsch) Kreutz ): It occurs in northern Greece.

Overlooked stendellum ( Epipactis neglecta Kümpel , Epipactis leptochila subsp. Neglecta Kümpel ): It occurs in Central and Southeastern Europe.

Epipactis nordeniorum Robatsch (Syn .: Epipactis mecsekensis A.Molnár & Robatsch , Epipactis moravica Batoušek ): It occurs in southern and eastern Central Europe.

Epipactis olympica Robatsch : It occurs in Greece.

Epipactis placentina Bongiorni & P.Grünanger : It occurs from Switzerland to Sicily.

Epipactis pontica Taubenheim : It occurs from eastern Central Europe to northern Turkey.

Epipactis provincialis Aubenas & Robatsch (Syn .: Epipactis leptochila subsp. Provincialis (Aubenas & Robatsch) J.-M. Tison ): It occurs in southern France.

Rhone stendellum ( Epipactis rhodanensis Gévaudan & Robatsch , Epipactis bugacensis subsp. Rhodanensis (Gévaudan & Robatsch) Wucherpf. ): It occurs in southwestern Europe and in Central Europe.

Epipactis sancta (P.Delforge) P.Delforge (Syn .: Epipactis dunensis subsp. Sancta (P.Delforge) Kreutz )

Epipactis schubertiorum Bartolo, Pulv. & Robatsch : It is produced by R. Govaerts as a subspecies Epipactis helleborine subsp. schubertiorum (Bartolo, Pulv. & Robatsch) Kreutz .

Epipactis voethii Robatsch : It is used by R. Govaerts as a synonym of Epipactis helleborine subsp. viewed shelleborine .

Section Ripariphilae E. Klein

Elbe Stendelwurz ( Epipactis albensis Nováková & Rydlo ): It occurs in Central and Southeastern Europe.
Epipactis confusa D.P. Young : It is used by R. Govaerts as a synonym for Epipactis phyllanthes G.E.Sm. var. phyllanthes .
Epipactis fageticola (CEHermos.) Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers : It occurs in Southwest Europe and Central Europe.
Epipactis fibri Scappat. & Robatsch (Syn .: Epipactis albensis var. Fibri (Scappat. & Robatsch) P.Delforge ): It occurs in France.
Epipactis gracilis (Hook.f.) AAEaton (Also referred to by some authors as Cystorchis gracilis (Hook.f.) Holttum to the genus Cystorchis )
Persian stendelwort ( Epipactis persica (Soó) Hausskn. Ex Nannf. ): It occurs from the islands of the eastern Aegean to the western Himalayas.
Green-flowered stemwort ( Epipactis phyllanthes G.E.Sm. ): It occurs in western and north-western Europe.

Epipactis stellifera Di Antonio & Veya : It occurs in Switzerland.

Epipactis tallosii A. Molnár & Robatsch : It occurs in the Czech Republic, Hungary and in northeastern Italy.

Section Rhytidochilium E. Klein

Brown-red Stendelwurz ( Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser , Syn .: Epipactis danubialis Robatsch & Rydlo , Epipactis spiridonovii Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers , Epipactis subclausa Robatsch )
Dense-flowered stendellum ( Epipactis condensata Boiss. Ex DPYoung ): It occurs in two subspecies from Turkey to Lebanon, on Cyprus and in the Caucasus.

Epipactis kleinii M.B. Crespo & MRLowe & Piera : It occurs from Spain to southern France .

Small-leaved Stendelwurz ( Epipactis microphylla (Ehrh.) Sw. ): It occurs from Europe to Iran.

Other types are (without assignment to a section):

Epipactis africana Rendle : It occurs from southwestern Ethiopia to northern Mozambique .
Epipactis autumnalis Doro : It was first described in 2007 from north-eastern Italy.
Epipactis calabrica U.Grabner, S.Hertel & Presser : It wasfirst describedin 2014 from southern Italy .
Epipactis cupaniana C. Brullo, D'Emerico & Pulv. : This endemic was first described from Sicily in 2013.
Epipactis etrusca Presser & S.Hertel : It was first described in Italy in 2014.
Epipactis flava Seidenf. (Syn .: Epipactis atromarginata Seidenf. ): It occurs in Thailand, Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam.
Epipactis gigantea Douglas ex Hook. : It occurs from southwest Canada to northern Mexico. (Presumably Section Cymbochilium )
Epipactis hyblaea Brullo & Zimmitti : It was first described in Italy in 2014.
Epipactis ioessa Bongiorni, De Vivo, Fori & Romolini : It was first described from Italy in 2007.
Epipactis krym-montana Kreutz, Fateryga & Efimov : This endemic wasfirst describedby the Crimea in 2014.
Epipactis mairei Schltr. : It occurs from Nepal to China.
Epipactis ohwii Fukuy. : It occurs in Taiwan.
Epipactis pinovica S.Hertel, Tsiftsis & Z.Antonop. : It was first described from Greece in 2014.
Epipactis sanguinea S.Hertel & Presser : It was first described in Italy in 2014.
Epipactis savelliana Bongiorni, De Vivo & Fori : It was first described in 2007 from central Italy.
Epipactis taurica Fateryga & Kreutz : This endemic was first described by the Crimea in 2012.
Epipactis thunbergii A. Gray (probably Section Arthrochilium ): It occurs from Russia's Far East to southern Korea and from Japan to the Nansei Islands .
Epipactis ulugurica Mansf. : This endemic occurs only in the Uluguru Mountains in Tanzania.
Epipactis xanthophaea Schltr. : It occurs in northern China.

Attempt to separate a genus Arthrochilium

In 2003, Dariusz L. Szlachetko considered the differences between the Arthrochilium and Cymbochilium sections to the Epipactis section to be sufficient to raise these sections to the rank of a genus of their own under the name Arthrochilium (Irmisch) Beck . This concerns the species Epipactis africana , Epipactis atromarginata , Epipactis flava , Epipactis gigantea , Epipactis handelii , Epipactis mairei , Epipactis royleana , Epipactis schensiana , Epipactis setchuanica , Epipactis thunbergii , Epipactis ulugurica , Epipactis veratrifolia , Epipactis wilsonii , Epipactis xanthophaea . In 2007 the species Epipactis alata and Epipactis atromarginata were added. He included the species Epipactis palustris as Arthrochilium palustre (L.) Beck from the start. But this view has not prevailed in subsequent floras and revisions.

Natural hybrids

There are some nature hybrids .

swell

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Epipactis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 11, 2016.
^ Johann Gottfried Zinn: Catalogus Plantarum Horti Academici Et Agri Gottingensis , Göttingen 1757.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Epipactis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 10, 2018.
↑ Erich Klein: Attempt to divide the genus Epipactis ZINN (Orchidaceae-Neottieae). In: Journal European Orchids Volume 37 (1), 2005. AHO Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart, pp. 121-130.
↑ Dariusz L. Szlachetko: Arthrochilium, a forgotten genus of the tribe Neottieae. In: The orchid. Volume 54 (5), 2003, pp. 59-61, ISSN 0473-1425 .
↑ Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn N. Rasmussen: Epidendroideae (Part One). Genera Orchidacearum , 4, pp. 1-672. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford, 2005/2006.

literature

Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn N. Rasmussen: Epidendroideae (Part One). Genera Orchidacearum , 4, pp. 1-672. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford, 2006.
Fritz Füller: Epipactis and Cephalanthera (Orchids of Central Europe, 5th part). 4th edition (unchanged reprint of the 3rd edition from 1986). Westarp Sciences, Hohenwarsleben 2005 (Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei, Volume 329), ISBN 3-89432-310-8 .

Web links

Commons : Stendelwurzen ( Epipactis ) - album with pictures, videos and audio files

A rbeitskreise H eimische O rchideen Bavaria: insights into the genus Epipactis .

[Tropicos-1] Epipactis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 11, 2016.

[Zinn1757-2] Johann Gottfried Zinn: Catalogus Plantarum Horti Academici Et Agri Gottingensis , Göttingen 1757.

[WCSP-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Epipactis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 10, 2018.

[Klein2005-4] Erich Klein: Attempt to divide the genus Epipactis ZINN (Orchidaceae-Neottieae). In: Journal European Orchids Volume 37 (1), 2005. AHO Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart, pp. 121-130.

[Arthrochilium-5] Dariusz L. Szlachetko: Arthrochilium, a forgotten genus of the tribe Neottieae. In: The orchid. Volume 54 (5), 2003, pp. 59-61, ISSN 0473-1425 .

[PridgeonCribbChaseRasmussen-6] Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn N. Rasmussen: Epidendroideae (Part One). Genera Orchidacearum , 4, pp. 1-672. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford, 2005/2006.