Brown-red stendellar

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Brown-red stendellar
Brown-red Stendelwurz (Epipactis atrorubens)

Brown-red Stendelwurz ( Epipactis atrorubens )

Systematics
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Epidendroideae
Tribe : Neottieae
Sub tribus : Limodorinae
Genre : Stendelwurzen ( Epipactis )
Type : Brown-red stendellar
Scientific name
Epipactis atrorubens
( Hoffm. Ex Bernh. ) Better

The dark red helleborine ( Epipactis atrorubens ), also reddish brown Stendelwurz , dark red Stendelwurz or Black Red Stendelwurz , Brown Red Sitter or Black Red Sitter , beach vanilla or Vanilleständel called, is a plant from the genus of epipactis ( Epipactis ) within the family of orchid (Orchidaceae).

Description and ecology

Illustration from Flora Batava , Volume 19
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Vegetative characteristics

The brown-red stendellum is a perennial , herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 20 to 80 centimeters. It forms a short, often multi-shoot rhizome with numerous fleshy roots.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to August. The upright inflorescence is mostly purple colored and densely hairy in the upper part. The zygomorphic flowers can vary in color from time to time, but are usually brown-red or aubergine in color and are pollinated by insects, often bees, or are self-pollinating . They give off an intense vanilla scent , especially in warm weather , which is why the plant is also known as "beach vanilla".

Seeds, outer seed coat (testa) made from dead cells and the inner seed coat (carapace), which contains the embryo

The light, dust-like seeds from capsule fruits are spread by the wind.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.

Brown-red Stendelwurz ( Epipactis atrorubens )
Hybrid between reddish brown and broad-leaved stendellum
( Epipactis × narrowhausenii )

Occurrence and endangerment

The occurrences of the brown-red Stendelwurz are scattered and reach in the north to the boreal zone , in the south to the meridional zone and in the east to central Siberia and the Caucasus region . In Central Europe it is absent in the lowlands with the exception of the sandy coasts. Overall, it is rare, but mostly occurs at its locations in smaller groups or in very loose populations with few individuals. The brown-red Stendelwurz can also be found in mountainous areas, in the southern Alps up to altitudes of around 2,400 meters. It rises in the Alps to altitudes of around 2000 meters. In the Allgäu Alps, it occurs in the Tyrolean part of the Tannheimer Tal between Sabajoch and Nesselwängler Scharte up to an altitude of 1950 meters. According to Baumann and Künkele , the species rises to the following altitude limits in the Alpine countries: Germany 5–1870 meters, France 1–2360 meters, Switzerland 400–2380 meters, Liechtenstein 446–2030 meters, Austria 250–2200 meters, Italy 10–2390 meters , Slovenia 180–1800 meters. In Europe, the altitude limits are 1–2390 meters above sea level.

You can find the brown-red stendellar in light forests, fringes and in dry and warm locations. The brown-red stendellar grows best on basic to neutral, nutrient-poor, permeable sand and stone soils . But it is also considered a pioneer species that likes to colonize wasteland , embankments and heaps that are in an early to medium succession stage with grass and perennial communities and sparse birch stands . The brown-red stendellar also colonizes extremely dry locations and occurs even on sand dunes. The brown-red stendellum grows best on lime-rich, but extremely low-nitrogen, dry soils . In Central Europe, it usually thrives in sparse bushes or dry forests. It is a companion to the pine tree and likes to thrive in plant communities of the Erico-Pinion, Cytiso-Pinion, Seslerion, Stipion calamagrostis or in the Carici-Fagetum of the Fagion sylvaticae association.

In Central Europe, the brown-red stendellum - like all orchids - has been in decline for decades, but is not one of the endangered orchid species. Like all native orchid species, the brown-red stendellar is under nature protection. The locations of the brown-red stendellar have almost all been destroyed in the dunes. Presumably it still occurs today on Rügen and Usedom . The fact that it used to be well known in the coastal areas is also evident from the common name "beach vanilla", which - apart from the location - refers to the vanilla scent. The brown-red stendellum has also become rare in the limestone low mountain ranges.

Natural hybrids

Natural hybrids of the brown-red stendellum with other Epipactis species are known. Including:

  • Epipactis × narrowhausenii K. Richt. = Epipactis atrorubens × Epipactis helleborine . It occurs in Europe.

photos

  • Habitus

  • Section of an inflorescence

  • blossoms

  • blossoms

  • Flower with beetles

  • Flower with ants

literature

  • Fritz Füller: Epipactis and Cephalanthera (Orchids of Central Europe, 5th part). 4th edition (unchanged reprint of the 3rd edition from 1986). Westarp Sciences, Hohenwarsleben 2005 (Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei, Volume 329), ISBN 3-89432-310-8 .
  • AHO (Ed.): The orchids of Germany. Verlag AHO Thuringia, Uhlstädt - Kirchhasel 2005, ISBN 3-00-014853-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser, Braunrote Ständelwurz. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 272 .
  3. ↑ a b c d Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 5 : Swan flowers to duckweed plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 384.
  5. ↑ a b Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele : Orchidaceae . In: Oskar Sebald u. a .: The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition Volume 8, page 306. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1998. ISBN 3-8001-3359-8

Web links

Commons : Braunrote Stendelwurz ( Epipactis atrorubens )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files
Distribution maps
Regional links